饲料分类英文课件Chapter_4_Silage.pptVIP

Chapter 4　 Silage（青贮饲料） 4.1 Introduction (1)Definition Silage is the material produced by the controlled fermentation of a crop of high moisture. Silage may be defined as fermented forage plants. 4.1 Introduction (2)History of silage It is a very old method of preserving feed. Columbus found that the Indians used pits or trenches in which to store their grain, and , centuries earlier in the Old World, silos were used as a means of preserving both grain and green forage. The first tower silo built in the USA by the white man is said to be erected by F. Morris in Maryland in 1876. 4.1 Introduction (3)The reason of making silage Silage making is one of the 3 common methods of utilizing forage crops. Pasturing is the least expensive of the 3 methods, but it is seasonal in nature. Weather condition are not always favorable to haymaking. Ensiling can be done in inclement weather. Also, it has the added virtues of succulence and of preserving a higher proportion of the nutrients of the plants than can be accomplished in haymaking. 4.1 Introduction (4) Haylage (low-moisture silage，半干青贮) Haylage is made from grass or legume that is wilted to 40%-55% moisture content before ensiling. It is similar to silage except it is lower in moisture. Properly made haylage has a pleasant aroma and is a palatable, high-quality feed. Animals usually receive more DM and net feed value in haylage than in silage made from the same cut. (5)Kinds of crops used for silage Practically any crop may be made into silage, provided it contains : An appropriate level of moisture Adequate amounts of readily fermentable carbohydrates Adequate levels of other nutrients Provided it can be packed sufficiently ①Corn Most extensively used silage crop. Corn silage is unexcelled in quality. 4.1 Introduction ③ Forage sorghum Most are very high yielding but do not produce the best silage. It inclined to contain excess water and acid, hence is not very palatable or nutritious. ④ Grain sorgh