过程装备基础-chap.2 valve.pptVIP

Chapter 15 DistillationSystems §15.2 Overview Distillation Systems 1. Introduction of distillation: Definition: distillation is a process that separates a substance from a mixture by its boiling point, which includes a feed system, a preheat system, the distillation column, the overhead system, and the bottom system. Application: petroleum products…... §15.2 Overview Distillation Systems Principle: the light and heavy molecules have different boiling points; Process: during the distillation process, lighter components with lower boiling point rise up the column, while heavier components with higher boiling point drop down. 2. Equipment arrangements of a distillation system Through P315 Fig.15.8-3 (1) The feed system: safely store, blend（混合）, and transport the raw feedstock(库存）; It is composed of tanks, pipes, valves, instrumentation, and pumps. (2) Preheating systems: to raise the temperature of the raw feedstock before it enters the distillation column. (3) Column: can be a packed or plate type column; and plate columns have a series of trays stacked on top of each other; packed columns are filled with packing material to enhance vapor-liquid contact. §15.2 Overview Distillation Systems (4) Bottom system: a section in the column designed to allow liquids to boil and roll freely, and a reboiler is connected to this section to maintain and add heat energy into the liquid. It maintains the energy balance. (5) The overhead system: 塔顶系统，塔顶馏出物 cool off the hot overhead vapors. The condensed liquid is used as reflux or is transported to the tank farm as product. §15.2 Overview Distillation Systems Reflux is returned to the top of the column to control product purity and tower temperature. In packed columns, a liquid feed distributor is used to evenly disperse the liquid. In a plate column, the reflux is pumped to the upper tray. §15.3 History of Distillation 1. The reason of development: Para 1 2. Three distinct operations: (1) batch distillation: Fig.1