英语科普小知识 云中之尘.docVIP

At any given time,?cirrus clouds（卷云）?-- the thin wisps of vapor that trail across the sky -- cover nearly one-third of the globe. These clouds?coalesce（使联合）?in the upper layers of the?troposphere（对流层）, often more than 10 miles above the Earths surface. Cirrus clouds influence global climate, cooling the planet by reflecting incoming solar radiation and warming it by trapping outgoing heat. Understanding the mechanisms by which these clouds form may help scientists better predict future climate patterns. ? Now an interdisciplinary team from MIT, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere has identified the major seeds on which cirrus clouds form. The team sampled cirrus clouds using instruments aboard high-altitude research aircraft, analyzing particles collected during multiple flights over a nine-year period. They found that the majority of cloud particles freeze, or?nucleate（成核）, around two types of seeds: mineral dust and metallic aerosols. ? The absence of certain particles in the clouds also proved interesting. While scientists have observed that substances like black carbon and fungal spores readily form cloud particles in the lab, the team detected barely a trace of these particles in the upper atmosphere. ? We think were really looking at the seed, the nucleus of these ice crystals, says Dan Cziczo, an associate professor of atmospheric chemistry at MIT. These results are going to allow us to better understand the climatic implications of these clouds in the future. ? Cziczo and his colleagues have published their results this week in Science. 在任何给定时间，卷云（卷云）?-薄缕缕蒸气划过天空步道-覆盖全球近三分之一。这些云凝聚（使联合）的对流层中上层（对流层），往往超过10英里的地球表面。卷云影响全球气候，冷却地球的反射入射的太阳辐射，它通过捕获传出热升温。了解这些云形式的机制，可以帮助科学家更好地预测未来的气候模式。 ? 现在，来自麻省理工学院，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA），和其他地方的一个跨学科的团队已经确定了主要种子卷云形式。团队采样卷云登上高海拔研究飞机使用的仪器，在多个航班超过9年的时间内收集的颗粒分析。他们发现，大多数的云粒子冻结，或核（成核），围绕着两个类型的种子：矿物粉尘和金属气溶胶。 ? 在云中的某些颗粒的情况下也证明了有趣的。虽然科学家已经观察到的物质，如黑碳和真菌孢子容易形成云粒子在实验室中，检测到球队的脸上闪过一丝这些粒子在高层大气中。 ? “我们认为，我们真正期