Lecture3-gas and solution.pptVIP

English for Chemistry Specialty Chapter 5 Solutions 5.3 Solubility The term miscible [misibl] (可混溶的) is used to describe two substances (usually liquids) that are infinite soluble in each other The stronger the intermolecular attractions between solute and solvent, the more likely the solute will dissolve. The like-dissolve-like rule * Chemistry Spring 2008 Yu Wang (王煜） wangyu1168@sxu.edu.cn Tel: 7010319 Office: Room 502, Chemistry Building Chapter 4 Gases and their properties 4.1 Introduction Many important substances exist normally as gases at room temperature and sea-level pressure, including life-sustaining O2, and N2, F2, Cl2, H2 as well as the noble gases He (Helium [hi:lj?m]), Ne (Neon [ni:?n]), Ar (Argon), Kr (Krypton [kript?n]), Xe (Xenon [zen?n]), and Rn (Radon [reid?n]). Chapter 4 Gases and their properties A large number of low-molecular-weight covalently bonded compounds are gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), a waste product of animal metabolism [met?b?liz?m] (代谢), nitrous oxide(N2O), used as a general anesthetic [??nisθetik] (麻醉剂), methane(CH4), a major component of natural gas, and a variety of others. Chapter 4 Gases and their properties Vapors Except those which are naturally gaseous, gases can also be produced when liquids evaporate to become gases. Such gaseous substances, which are liquids under normal conditions, are called vapors. Chapter 4 Gases and their properties 4.2 General Properties of Gases There is a lot of “free” space in a gas. Gases can be expanded infinitely. Gases occupy containers uniformly and completely. Gases diffuse and mix rapidly. Chapter 4 Gases and their properties 4.3 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases First we present some of the important assumptions of the theory, showing how they fit with the known behavior of gases. 1) Gas molecules are far apart and so the forces of attraction and repulsion are negligible. Thus gases can be easily compressed, since there is enough distan