Internetworking Nov 19, 2002.ppt

InternetworkingNov 19, 2002 Topics Client-server programming model Networks Internetworks Global IP Internet IP addresses Domain names Connections A Client-Server Transaction Every network application is based on the client-server model: A server process and one or more client processes Server manages some resource. Server provides service by manipulating resource for clients. Hardware Org of a Network Host Computer Networks A network is a hierarchical system of boxes and wires organized by geographical proximity LAN (local area network) spans a building or campus. Ethernet is most prominent example. WAN (wide-area network) spans country or world. Typically high-speed point-to-point phone lines. An internetwork (internet) is an interconnected set of networks. The Gobal IP Internet (uppercase “I”) is the most famous example of an internet (lowercase “i”) Let’s see how we would build an internet from the ground up. Lowest Level: Ethernet Segment Ethernet segment consists of a collection of hosts connected by wires (twisted pairs) to a hub. Spans room or floor in a building. Operation Each Ethernet adapter has a unique 48-bit address. Hosts send bits to any other host in chunks called frames. Hub slavishly copies each bit from each port to every other port. Every host sees every bit. Next Level: Bridged Ethernet Segment Spans building or campus. Bridges cleverly learn which hosts are reachable from which ports and then selectively copy frames from port to port. Conceptual View of LANs For simplicity, hubs, bridges, and wires are often shown as a collection of hosts attached to a single wire: Next Level: internets Multiple incompatible LANs can be physically connected by specialized computers called routers. The connected networks are called an internet. The Notion of an internet Protocol How is it possible to send bits across incompatible LANs and WANs? Solution: protocol software running on each host and router smoothes out the differences between the diff