Scala学习.pdfVIP

Scala 中的Option 类型 Scala Option[T] is a container for zero or one element of a given type. An Option[T] can be either Some[T] or None object, which represents a missing value. For instance, the get method of Scalas Map produces Some(value) if a value corresponding to a given key has been found, or None if the given key is not defined in the Map. The Option type is used frequently in Scala programs and you can compare this to null value available in Java which indicates no value. For example, the get method of java.util.HashMap returns either a value stored in the HashMap, or null if no value was found. Lets say we have a method that retrieves a record from the database based on a primary key: Lets say we have a method that retrieves a record from the database based on a primary key: def findPerson(key: Int): Option[Person] The method will return Some[Person] if the record is found but None if the record is not found. Let us see a real example: object Test { def main(args: Array[String]) { val capitals = Map(France - Paris, Japan - Tokyo) println(capitals.get( \France\ ) : + capitals.get( France )) println(capitals.get( \India\ ) : + capitals.get( India )) } } When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result: C:/scalac Test.scala C:/scala Test capitals.get( France ) : Some(Paris) capitals.get( India ) : None The most common way to take optional values apart is through a pattern match. For instance: object Test { def main(args: Array[String]) { val capitals = Map(France - Paris, Japan - Tokyo) println(show(capitals.get( \Japan\)) : + show(capitals.get( Japan)) ) println(show(capitals.get( \India\)) : + show(capitals.get( India)) ) } def show(x: Option[String]) = x match { case Some(s) = s case None = ? } } When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the followin