机电专业英语 教学课件 作者 杨寿智 刘水平 机电专业英语.Lesson 29.pptVIP

Lesson 29 Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motors Text The variable-reluctance(VR) stepper motor does not use a magnet for the rotor; instead, it uses a toothed iron wheel[see Figure 29.1(b)]①.The advantage of not requiring the rotor to be magnetized is that it can be made in any shape. Being iron, each rotor tooth is attracted to the closest energized field pole in the stator, but not with the same force as in the PM motor（permanent-magnet stepper motor）②. This gives the VR motor less torque than the PM motor. A VR motor usually has three or four phases. Figure 29.1(a) shows a typical three-phase stepper motor. The stator has three field pole circuits:1,2, and3. Figure 29.1(b) shows that the actual motor has 12 field poles, where each circuit energizes four windings; you can see this by closely observing the1 wire in Figure 29.1(b).Notice that the rotor has only 8 teeth even though there are 12 teeth in the stator. Therefore, the rotor teeth can never line up “one for one” with the stator teeth, a fact that plays an important part in the motor’s operation③. Figure 29.2 illustrates the operation of the VR stepper motor. When circuit1 is energized, the rotor will move to the position shown in Figure 29.2(a)—that is, a rotor tooth (A) is lined up with the1 field pole④. Next, circuit2 is energized. Rotor tooth B, being the closest, is drawn toward it [Figure 29.2(b)]. Notice that the rotor has to move only 15? for this alignment. If circuit 3 is energized next, the rotor would continue CCW another 15? by pulling tooth C into alignment. The step angle of the VR motor is the difference between the rotor and stator angles. For the motor of Figure 29.2, the angle between the field poles is 30?, and the angle between the rotor poles is 45?. Therefore, the step is 15? (45?-30?=15?)⑤. By using this design, the VR stepper motor can achieve very small steps (less than 1?).Small step size is often considered to be an advantage because it allows for more precise positioning. The VR s