机电专业英语 教学课件 作者 姚永玉 常云朋 周丽丹 20186 Part1 Material and Heat Treatment.pptVIP

Part 1 Material and Heat Treatment Unit 1 Metals Reading Target 1．Introduce the categories of metals and how to distinguish them. 2．Make you know what mechanical properties metals have and the definition about each property. Text As we have seen, ferrous metals are alloys of iron with carbon, these alloys may contain also some other elements such as silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), etc., but carbon is the most important of all elements present in ferrous alloys [1]. Ferrous metals are used in industry in two general forms: cast iron and steel. These two ferrous alloys are usually produced from pig iron, and they have different carbon content. Steel is iron containing from 0.0218 to 2.11 percent carbon, while cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than 2.11 percent [2]. Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with other elements added to produce specific properties [3]. The various types of steel can be grouped under two major headings: （1）Carbon steel. Steel in which the main alloying element is carbon. Carbon steels are further divided into three groups. a．Low carbon steel. This steel has a carbon content of less than 0.30 percent. It is the most common type and is often called mild steel. It is relatively inexpensive, ductile, soft, and is easily machined and forged. Mild steel cannot be heat-treated (hardened). Low carbon steel is a general purpose steel. b．Medium carbon steel. This steel has a carbon content between 0.30 percent and 0.80 percent. Harder and stronger than mild steel, it can be hardened by heat treating. Medium carbon steel is most commonly used for forgings, castings, and machined parts for automobiles, agricultural equipment, machines, and aircraft. c．High carbon steel. This type of steel is easily heat-treated to produce a strong, tough part. The material has a carbon content above 0.80 percent. It finds wide use in hand tools, cutting tools, springs,