论汉英_焦点_与_预设_的表现手段.pdfVIP

2009年 4 月 外 国 语 文 Ap r. , 2009 第 25卷 　第 2期 Foreign L anguage and L iteratu re Vol. 25　No. 2 论汉英 “焦点 ”与 “预设 ”的表现手段 王宏军 (华东师范大学 外 国语学 院 , 上海 　2 0 0 2 4 1 ) 提 　要 :焦点是说话人要强调的 “新信息 ”,它包括表示新信息的常规焦点 ,也包括表示说话人着意强调的旧信息的 对比焦点 ,也就是说话人主观上要刻意凸显的重点 。对于语义预设 ,词汇意义制约着预设选择 ,焦点转移虽然会引 起预设发生变化 ,但变化着的语义预设仍然受词汇意义制约 。语用预设决定着信息焦点的选择 ,决定着信息焦点 在语句中的位置 ,即信息焦点是随语用预设的变化而变化的。虽然制约语用预设的不是词汇意义而是语境及共有 知识 , 但语用预设仍然以词汇意义为最根本依据 ,词汇意义的不同会导致语用预设发生变化 。 关键词 :焦点 ;语义预设 ;语用预设 ;对比焦点 中图分类号 : H04　　　文献标识码 : A 　　　文章编号 : 1674 - 64 14 (2009) 02 - 0079 - 04 An Ana ly sis on the Expressive W ay s of “Focu s”and “Presupposition ”In Both Ch inese and English L anguages WAN G H ong jun A b stract: Focu s is the “new inform ation ”that the sp eaker m u st empha size. It include s conventional focu s that exp re sses the new inform ation as well a s the contrastive focu s of “old inform ation ”that the sp eaker exp re sse s on p urpo se. That is, it is the key po int wh ich the sp eaker is subjective to h igh light sedu lou sly. For sem antic p resuppo sition, the glo ssary m ean ing re stricts the choice of p re suppo sition. A lthough the movem ent of focu s m ay cau se the change s of p resuppo sition, yet the changing sem an tic p resuppo sition is still re stricted by the glo ssary m ean ing. Pragm atic p re suppo sition determ ines the choice of inform ative focu s, determ ine s the po sition that inform ative focu s has in a sen tence, that is, the inform ative focu s is chan ging w ith the changes of p ragm atic p re suppo sition. A lthough it is not the glo ssary m ean ing, bu t the conte