化学化工专业英语（ 第三版） 教学课件 作者 符德学 主编 第十一课.pptVIP

尚辅网 尚辅网 Lession eleven Refining Petroleum 第十一课 石油精炼 Petroleum is a mixture of thousands of thousands of different compounds. Most of them are hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon and hydrogen which differ from each other only in the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in their molecules?. The molecules are of different sizes and have different boiling points, use is made of this in separating them. ?compounds of carbon and…in their molecules是hydrocarbons的同位语，在这个同位语中，which differ from … in their molecules是 carbon and hydrogen的定语从句。 It is not profitable, or necessary, to separate out all the individual hydrocarbons in crude oil. It is separated into a few fractions which boil over different ranges of temperature. Each of the fractions is still a mixture of many different compounds. 将原油中的烃一一分离出来是不划算的或者是不必要的。原油根据不同的温度范围分离为的少数几个馏分。每一个馏分仍然是许多种不同化合物的混合物。 The industrial process is carried out on a huge scale in an fractionating column. The hot mixture of liquid and vapor is led into the column. The liquid drops down to the bottom of the tower where it is tapped off?. The vapor rises up the tower where it meets a series of trays containing bubble caps?.??中where引导地点状语从句。 大规模的工业分馏是在精馏塔中进行的。热的液体和蒸气混合物被引入精馏塔，液滴落向塔底而流出。蒸气沿塔上升并经过一系列有泡罩的塔盘。 A tray may consist of hundreds of bubble caps. As vapor passes up through the bubble cap it is forced to pass through liquid in the tray before it can go further up the tower?. The liquid in the tray has formed by condensation of previous supplies of vapor. As the vapor passes through the bubble cap it cools and the compounds in the vapor with the highest boiling points condense?. The compounds with lower boiling points remain as vapor and carry on up the tower to the next tray. This process continues up through the tower. Hydrocarbons with highest boiling points condense in the lower trays, this is the fraction called gas oil. Those with medium boiling points condense in the upper trays; this is the fraction called kerosene. Those with lowe