形容词、副词的比较等级.docVIP

形容词、副词的比较等级 一．概念 表示人或物相比较时，我们所使用的形容词或副词的形式。 二．词型变化规则 1．一般情况下直接加 “er”变比较级（单词以“e”结尾，只加“r”，“est”变最高级(单词以“e”结尾，只加“st”)； 2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形/副词，把 “y”改为 “i”再加“er”变比较级，加“est”变最高级；例如： early---earlier---earliest heavy---heavier---heaviest 3.以重读闭音节结尾的形/副词，双写最后一个字母再加“er”变比较级，加“est”变最高级；例如： hot---hotter---hottest red---redder---reddest thin---thinner---thinnest fat---fatter---fattest 4.多音节词、少数双音节词以及“形容词+ly”变来的副词应该用“more/less + 原级”构成比较级，“most/least +原级”构成最高级；例如： （1）careful---more careful---most careful friendly---more friendly---most friendly serious---more serious---most serious terrible---more terrible---most terrible （2）delicious---more delicious---most delicious beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful （3）quickly---more quickly---most quickly slowly---more slowly---most slowly 5.特殊变化 ｛ bad old badly ----worse----worst far good/well ill 三．三种基本格式 （一）比较级（两类人或物相比较） 格式：A + 谓语 + 形/副词比较级 + than + B。 (1)Tom is taller than Jim (is). (2)I have more apples than you(do).=You have fewer apples than I(do)/me. (3)Lucy works harder than I (do)/ me. (4)He gets up earlier than before.=He used to get up later than now. (5)This flower looks more beautiful than that one.=That flower looks less beautiful than this one. （二）最高级（三个或三个以上的人或物相比较） 格式：A + 谓语 + the + 形/副词最高级 + of +所有比较对象。 (1)He is the tallest (student) of the three. (2)Jack runs (the) fastest of all (the players). 注：副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。 =｛ He listens (the) most carefully of the students.在所有学生当中，他听得最仔细。 He listens more carefully than the other students.他听得比（所有）其他学生更仔细。 The other students listen less carefully than he (does)/him. 其他学生听得没有/不及他仔细。 （三）同级相比（若干个人或物之间情况相同，无差异） 肯定句格式：A + 谓语 + as +形容词原级（+a/an）+（名词）+ as + B A + 谓语 + as +副词原级 + as + B (1)Tom is as tall as Jack. (4)Jim is listening as carefully as Lucy. (3)They are as good students as she(is). (4)Eddie is as lazy (a dog) as Hobi. 否定句格式：A + 谓语否定式 + as/so + …… + as + B.