纺纱原理第6章.pptVIP

Combing The second step in the cotton system is to begin to align the fibers and form a continuous strand. To accomplish this task, the fibers must be separated almost to a single-fiber state so they can be reassembled. This very complete separation also results in very efficient cleaning. The process of fiber-to-fiber separation is called carding. Carding involves passing the picker lap through hundreds of fine wires on a card machine. One set of wires is usually mounted on revolving surface flats. The picker lap is pulled through a small gap 0.01 inches or o.25 millimeters between these two surfaces by the rotation of the cylinder. The teasing action of the wires completes fiber separation, removes extremely short fibers and more debris, and mixes fibers while aligning them roughly parallel to each other. A thin web of fiber is formed. Because a web is difficult to handle in further processing, it is shaped into a rope-like strand of partially aligned fibers. Cotton webs move through a funnel-shaped device. The rope-like strand formed is the card sliver, “a continuous strand of loosely assembled fibers that is approximately uniform in cross-sectional area and without twist.” It is about the size of a person’s thumb and is not very uniform in diameter. The third step necessary only when combed yarns are being manufactured is to extract the shorter fibers and continue to align the longer fibers. The card sliver is formed into a combed sliver. In this process, 10-15% of the shortest fibers in the card sliver may be removed; this portion becomes waste. In combing, the card sliver is drawn and formed into a lap, which is then combed. The lap is literally torn to pieces in successive tufts. Both ends of each tuft are combed with metal combs, and the tufts are subsequently reassembled into a combed sliver. The combing operation may be used to enable the ultimate yarn to be smoother, finer, stronger, and more uniform. It is used in the production of combed cotto