经济学原理曼昆第04章.pptVIP

* * * * * * 28 * 29 * 29 * 29 * 27 * 27 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 36 * 36 * 36 * 36 * 36 * 45 * 45 * 46 * 46 * 46 * 46 * * * * * Summary Market equilibrium is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves. At the equilibrium price, the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. The behavior of buyers and sellers naturally drives markets toward their equilibrium. 小结 市场均衡是由供给曲线和需求曲线相交决定的。 在均衡价格水平上，需求量和供給量相等。 买者和卖者的行为自然地驱动 市场走向均衡。 Summary To analyze how any event influences a market, we use the supply-and-demand diagram to examine how the even affects the equilibrium price and quantity. In market economies, prices are the signals that guide economic decisions and thereby allocate resources. 小结 为了分析一个事件如何影响市场，我们利用供求图来考察这一事件如何影响均衡价格和均衡数量。 在市场经济中，价格是指引经济决策从而配置稀缺资源的信号。 * 2 * 2 2 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 6 * 6 * 6 * 6 * 6 * 8 * 12 * 17 * 17 * 17 * 19 * 19 * 11 * 11 * 19 * 19 * 13 * 15 * 15 * 19 * 25 SUPPLY AND DEMAND TOGETHER供给与需求的结合 Equilibrium refers to a situation in which the price has reached the level where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded. 市场均衡—— 价格水平达到供給量与需求量相等的状态。 Supply and Demand Together Equilibrium Price The price that balances supply and demand. On a graph, it is the price at which the supply and demand curves intersect. Equilibrium Quantity The quantity that balances supply and demand. On a graph it is the quantity at which the supply and demand curves intersect. 供给与需求的结合 均衡价格 使供给与需求平衡的价格。 从图形上看，就是供给曲线与需求曲线相交时的价格。 均衡数量 当价格调整到使供给与需求平衡时的供給量与需求量。 从图形上看，就是供给曲线与需求曲线相交时的数量。 Supply and Demand Together Demand Schedule Supply Schedule At $2.00, the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied! 供给与需求的结合 需求表 供给表 在 $2.00时, 需求量等于供給量! Figure 8 The Equilibrium of Supply and Demand Copyright?2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Price of Ice-Cream Cone 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones 13 Equilibrium quantity Equilibrium price Equilibrium Supply Demand $2.00 表8. 供给与需求的均衡 冰激凌蛋卷 需求量 0