chap1仿真与虚拟现实.ppt

Chapter 1: Introduction Overview Simulation Systems Models Evaluation Conclusion Overview Simulation What’s simulation When simulations are used Four reasons to use simulation Systems – System – State and state changes Models – Model categories – Criteria Steps in a simulation study Conclusion System simulation Given a system, how do you evaluate its performance ? Three classic methods: – Experiments: Use a concrete example of a system and try to measure its performance – Analysis: Construct a mathematical abstraction of the system and derive equations describing the system’s performance – Simulation: Build a model (a representation) of the system, along with its operations, and use this model to numerically evaluate system performance – usually with the help of computers Here: simulations! System simulation (cont.) Open questions – What is a system? – What is performance? – On what does performance depend? – What is a model? – What are operations of a system? – How to build a model? – How to numerically evaluate it? – How to interpret the results of such an evaluation? What’s simulation A simulation is The imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. A technique, whereby a model of a system, is run in compressed time, to perform experimentation for analyzing system performance. Whether done by hand or on a computer, simulation involves the generation of an artificial history of a system, and the observation of that artificial history to draw inferences concerning the operating characteristics of the real system. 模拟与仿真 模拟：对某种现象或变化过程的模仿 仿真：用一套以计算机为主体的软硬件设备模仿实际系统的综合技术 技术层面----仿真 When simulation are used Uses of simulation have evolved with hardware, software The early years (1950s-1960s) Very expensive, specialized tool to use Required big computers, special training Mostly in FORTRAN (or even Assembler) Processing cost as high as $1000/hour for a sub-286 level