力、电作用下Coble蠕变.pdfVIP

力、电作用下的 Coble 蠕变 摘要 Coble 蠕变本来是一个比较经典的问题，指在高温作用下由晶界 扩散引起的蠕变。由高温引起的超塑性在很多金属材料中都被研究 过。但是随着科技的不断进步，越来越多的新型材料的出现，特别是 纳米材料，一些科学家通过实验发现纳米晶体在较低的温度或室温情 况下就会发生超塑性。目前的实验表明，纳米晶体材料的超塑性机理 是由晶界扩散（Coble 蠕变）引起的，但是在晶粒尺寸、形状不变的 情况下，为什么会发生这么大的变形，现有的模型和理论还是不能解 释这种新奇的变形行为。 本文主要研究在力、电作用下的多晶金属材料的 Coble 蠕变。己 有的研究局限于单向应力作用下的蠕变，而大部分结构的蠕变都发生 在复杂应力下。本文研究了单向应力、复杂应力状态下的 Coble 蠕变 问题。同时，由于薄膜材料的发展，以及电子元件日趋微型化的要求， 研究材料在电场作用下的晶界蠕变也成为当前微电子器件可靠性分 析需要解决的问题。本文首次建立了在电场作用下的 Coble 蠕变的解 析解。 关键词：Coble 蠕变，晶界扩散，界面扩散，应力迁移，电迁移 Coble creep in polycrystalline metallic materials induced by stress and electromigration Abstract Coble creep is a classical problem originally. It means the creep induced by grain boundary diffusion under the condition of high temperature. Superplastic behavior has been researched in a variety of metallic systems during high temperature deformation. As the progress of technologies, especially the appearance of new materials, the possibility of superplasticity in nanometer-crystalline materials at low temperatures, even at room temperature, is reported in molecular-dynamics simulations and in experimental evidences. It has been verified that the mechanism of the superplasticity in nanometer-crystalline materials was generated by the grain boundary diffusion (Coble Creep). One of the recurring questions in superplasticity behavior is the manner by which the polycrystalline aggregate as a whole deforms plastically without changing grain shape and size, especially when an elongation of 5,000% was observed in nanocrystalline copper at room temperature. This novel behavoir could not be explained by present models and theories. In this paper we present a model and de