英语教材 应用文体学-Chapter I 文体学.ppt

Applied Stylistics Chapter I An Introduction to Stylistics 1.??? Style and Stylistics As the name implies, stylistics is the study of style. But what is style? At one level, as we shall see, this is a complex area of academic debate, but at a more practical level, style is something we take account of every day in our speaking and writing, in both English and Chinese. For example, when we wish to address a person, we do not merely look at his or her name, there are other considerations---considerations of style. Let us imagine that we meet a person for the first time whose name is 王小平 . We will address him or her as 王（小平）同志/小姐/先生. When we know this person better, we might call him or her 老王，小王，王小平，etc. When we know him or her still better, we can call him/her 小平（平姐/平哥，阿平/平妹. If we call him/her 平平 at our first meeting, it would be a serious stylistic error, and would indicate a gap in our knowledge of Chinese. Our choice of address is determined by a choice of style to suit the situation. 王先生and 王小姐 are formal ways of addressing someone, while 小平， 平哥/姐 belong to a more casual style. We cannot mix styles; 平同志，平姑娘/小姐 could be used only when the speaker intended to be humorous or jocular. English has stylistic rules about modes of address, too. Suppose we meet a person called Peter Smith for the first time， we will normally address him as Mr. Smith, and introduce him to others as Mr. Peter Smith. As we get to know each other better, we will cal him Peter and introduce him to others as Peter Smith. Later we might call him Pete, as members of his family do. To mix our styles, however, and address him as Mr. Pete would be stylistically terrible . ` In fact, stylistic choice in terms of address is quite simple in contemporary English. Many older forms of address we may find in books (Master Peter, Miss Jane) would sound peculiar today and should be avoided. Style一词涵义颇多，它既可以指一个时代的文风，又可以指某一个作家使用语言的风格;既可以指某种体裁的语言特点