球墨铸铁论文球墨铸铁—锡青铜双金属高频感应熔覆工艺研究.docVIP

球墨铸铁论文：球墨铸铁—锡青铜双金属高频感应熔覆工艺研究 【中文摘要】为了获得良好的综合性能,本课题采用高频感应熔覆技术在球墨铸铁表面熔覆一层锡青铜,实现球墨铸铁-锡青铜的良好结合。实验中首先研究了单组元活性剂对熔覆结合的影响,然后在单组元活性剂的结果基础上,利用正交试验获得适用于球墨铸铁-锡青铜复合的混合活性剂的最佳成分比。试验结果表明:不加活性剂时界面处易产生气孔、夹杂、裂纹等缺陷,界面的剪切强度很低;单组元活性剂中,四硼酸钠的排渣性最好,所得熔覆试样缺陷最少,剪切强度最高,达到133MPa;混合活性剂的最佳成分为Na2B4O7 60%+H3BO3 20%+AlPO310%+ NaF10%。选定活性剂后,通过多组试验研究了感应加热工艺参数对双金属复合效果的影响,利用OM、SEM、XRD、EPMA、显微硬度计等对界面形貌、熔覆层的微观组织、物相结构、合金元素扩散分布和显微硬度等进行了研究,并通过剪切试验和弯曲试验测定了试样的结合强度。实验结果表明:频率为20KHz时,工艺参数的合理范围为加热电流300A~450A,保温时间0~60s;高温复合时界面两侧元素发生互扩散,Fe向铜层扩散的最大距离为20μm,Cu向基体的扩散距离为8~10μm。基体与熔覆层间的结合为扩散冶金结合,界面处不形成新相,界面组织的显微硬度值介于基体和锡青铜之间;增大加热电流、延长保温时间,双金属的结合强度不断增大,加热电流为420A、保温时间为60s时,剪切强度达到186MPa,剪切断面位于锡青铜内部。分别测试了试样在3.5%wt NaCl腐蚀溶液中的Tafel曲线。结果表明:内部无缺陷的锡青铜腐蚀电流密度为0.886μA /cm2,远小于基体的15.39μA /cm2,熔覆层显著改善了基体的耐腐蚀性。最后探讨了中间层材料对双金属熔覆结合的影响。试验结果显示:铝箔在加热时氧化严重,生成的氧化物阻碍了铜合金与基体的结合,试样的剪切强度仅为40MPa左右。加入锌后,熔覆层的组织由树枝状的偏析组织变成等轴状的偏析组织,界面处生成铁锌脆性相,试样的剪切强度约为100MPa,低于锡青铜自身的剪切强度,断裂发生在结合界面处。加入磷青铜后在界面形成过渡层,促进双金属的冶金结合,熔覆样的平均剪切强度为152MPa,断裂方式为韧性断裂。 【英文摘要】This paper paid attention to the ductile iron/bronze bimetal. It clad a tin layer of bronze on the surface of ductile iron by the technology of high-frequency induction cladding and achieves good combination.The effects of single-component flux on the cladding were firstly researched. Based on the effects, an orthogonal test was applied to get the best composition of mixed flux which is effective to promote the combination. The result showed that: defects such as pore, impurity and crack easily occurred on the interface and the shearing strength was very low without flux. During the four single-component fluxes, Na2B4O7 had the best competence of wiping impurities out and the cladding owned the least defected, so the shearing strength was on the top, up to 133MPa. The result of the orthogonal test demonstrated that the best mixed flux was constitutes by 60% Na2B4O7, 20% H3BO3, 10%AlP03 and 10% NaF.Using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe (EPMA), and micro