Class 4Applying Loads to Buildings.ppt

Class 4Applying Loads to Buildings Loads to study Dead loads Live loads Wind loads Flood loads Seismic loads Snow loads Rain loads Extraordinary loads Tributary area concept Tributary area concept Area to which the load is applied Done progressively through building from top to bottom Required to size specific members Loads collected until soil support is determined Examples Our First Analysis – Overall Building Stability Uplift Sliding Overturning We do this to make sure the overall building will be stable before we concern ourselves with the details Uplift Vertical load path Does weight of building and elements exceed uplift force (primarily wind)? Not exceeding does not suggest failure – it suggests that specific connections must be made to hold the element and/or building in place Uplift design process Dead load(0.6) ≥ Σ uplift forces (vertical) (ASD load combination for wind) Calculate vertical component of wind since wind is applied normal to the surface Example building Example Need to look at building/foundation connection building with foundation attached Can not take full value of weight per ASCE 7 (see Chap 2) Sliding Weight of building and friction create the resistance to sliding Again, can only use 0.6 x dead load (for wind) Friction occurs between the building and the foundation or the entire building and the soil Must determine the frictional resistance factor Φ Frictional resistance = ((tan Φ x N) + passive soil resistance)) Example Again, must take a look at: Building to foundation connection Building with foundation attached at the foundation/soil interface Overturning Apply overturning moments about a pivot point Resisting moment can only use 0.6 x dead load (for wind) Overturning forces must be split into horizontal and vertical components and multiplied by appropriate moment arm Example Most likely failure mode is connection of building to foundation Not likely the entire foundation will overturn Worked example Work the CCM problem with