分子生物学研究进展.docVIP

分子生物学研究进展 叶斯哈提 【摘要】 植物组织培养中，花药培养已成为获得单倍体及纯合体的有效途径。花粉培养是在花药培养基的基础上发展起来的技术。植物花粉培养在单倍体育种上具有重要意义。植物器官脱落是自然界普遍的现象。器官脱落时离区细胞的细胞间质和细胞壁发生降解，导致远端器官离开母体，落粒性是作物栽培和育种中的重要农艺性状，但直到近年人们才对禾本科植物落粒的分子机制有了新的认识。增殖性细胞抗原是DNA 复制的关键成分之一,他与DNA 的损伤修复、细胞周期调控,染色体甲基化、染色体重塑等过程有密切关系,与不同的调控蛋白相结合,增殖性细胞抗原可发挥多种不同的作用。该文分别从植物花粉培养、植物器官脱落、增殖性细胞抗原三个方面简要综述了分子生物学的研究进展，和对该学科的展望 。 Research progress of molecular biology YE_sihati Plant tissue culture, anther culture has become an effective way to obtain haploid and pure fit. Anther culture is developed on the basis of anther culture techniques. Plant pollen culture is of great significance in haploid breeding. Plant organ prolapse is a common phenomenon nature. Organs when fall off from the cells of the stroma and degradation of cell wall, causing distal left mother organ, fall grain sex is an important agronomic traits in crop cultivation and breeding, but only in recent years, people of gramineous plants fall grain of a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Hyperplastic cell antigen is one of the key components of DNA replication, he and DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, chromosome methylation, there is a close relationship between chromosome remodeling process, combined with different regulatory proteins, hyperplastic cell antigen can play a number of different functions. This paper respectively from plant pollen culture, plant organ prolapse, hyperplastic cell antigen three aspects briefly summarizes the research progress of molecular biology, and the outlook of the discipline. 关键词:花粉培养；器官脱落；增殖性细胞抗原；研究进展 一 植物花粉培养 1 植物花粉培养的研究目的和意义 在植物组织培养中，花药培养已成为获得单倍体及纯合体的有效途径。花粉培养是在花药培养基的基础上发展起来的技术。它无论对遗传基础理论的研究， 还是对单细胞育种实践以及植物遗传工程，都有重要意义【1】【2】 [1] 中国科学院上海植物生理研究所细胞室编译. 植物组织和细胞培养[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987:23-27,232-267. [2] 胡含. 植物体细胞遗传与作物改良[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1986:1-12. [3] 王敬驹,朱至清,孙敬三.杨树花粉植株的诱导[J].植物学报,1975,17(1):56-59. [4] 王震星.金丝小枣花药离体培养再生植株研究[J].河北果树,1996,(3):9-10. [5] Ochatt SJ, Zhang YX, Jain SM, In Vitro