民用建筑震害预测方法.docVIP

摘要 历史震害表明，建筑物的破坏导致经济的损失、人员的伤亡及次生灾害的产生等。因此，科学地预测现有建筑物生地震发生时的震害程度，分析城市抗震防灾的薄弱环节，并提出有针对性的防御对策，是提高城市综合抗震防灾能力、最大限度地减轻地震灾害的有效措施。 在现有震害预测方法的基础之上，着重从以下几个方面进行了工作： 阐述了我国城市地震灾害的严重性及进行震害预测工作的意义：对建筑物震害预测的历史及未来发展趋势进行了描述，介绍了传统的震害预测方法及其特点，提出进行快速震害预测方法研究的意义；在震害类比预测方法基础上，提出了城市一般设建筑物快速震害预测方法并编制了相应的程序。对历次震害进行了归纳总结，挑选震害实例建立样本库，并利用传统易损性分析方法，对我困普遍存在的典型结构类型建筑物进行易损性分析，对样本库进行扩充。以此数据库作为震害类比的知识，通过加权海明距离求得相似样本后，对海明距离加权平均的方法求建筑物的震害指数。 关键词：震害预测：优化 Abstract The historical earthquake damage indicated that the destruction of buildings is the main destruction form in the earthquake in a city．The destruction of buildings results in the losing of economy，the death of people，the happening of secondary disaster and SO on． Accordingly，the most effective methods to improve the synthetic ability of earthquake resistance and release the damage tO the maximum degree of a city are as followings：predicting the earthquake disaster of buildings as earthquake happened scientifically；analyzing the weak point in the earthquake-resistance and damage prevention of a city andputting forward the defending strategies pertinently． This thesis emphasized on the following works： Introduced the results of earthquake disasters in cities and the meaning of earthquake damage prediction；Described the history and futaral trends of earthquake damage prediction for buildings，introduced the traditional methods and its character in earthquake damage prediction，pointed out that it is significant to analysis the fast earthquake disaster prediction method；On the basis of prediction for earthquake damage using analogical method，put forward a fast earthquake disaster prediction method and worked out the corresponding procedure．Summarized some previous earthquakes，selected the earthquake instances to set up the sample storehouse．Utilized the traditional vulnerability analytical methods，carryed on vulnerability analysis to the ubiquitous typical structure type buildings of our country，expanded the sample st