政府干预与市场行为对实现节水农业的作用_雷波.pdfVIP

36 节水灌溉·2004 年第2 期 文章编号:1007-4929(2004)02-0036-03 试验研究 政府干预与市场行为对实现 节水农业的作用 雷　波 (中国农业 学院农业资源和农业区划研究所, 北京 100081) 　　摘　要:水资源危机是制约我国农业可持续发展的最主要因素, 节水农业是克服我国水资源短缺问题, 实现可持 续农业发展的必然选择。运用局部均衡原理分析, 在一个通过市场配置水资源的区域内推广节水农业是可以实现水 资源配置的帕累托最优。但现实对理论的挑战给节水农业的推广带来 3 个必须思考的问题:即如何确定最优供水量; 如何消除节水农业准入门槛;如何利用价格杠杆自动调节农户采用节水技术。通过对以上问题的讨论, 认为政府干 预与市场行为的结合是节水农业实现的有效途径, 即:通过政府财政补贴消除农民的节水农业准入门槛;设立累进水 价, 通过市场行为自动调节农民对水资源的使用。 　　关键词:节水农业;水资源;水价 　　中图分类号:S274.1　　文献标识码:A Effect of the Governmental Intervention and the Market Behaviors on Water Saving Agriculture LEI Bo (Institution of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Planning of China Academ of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, 100081) Abstract:Currentl , the scarcit of water resources in China is the main problem that restricts the agricultural sustainable development. And water saving agriculture is an inevitable choice to conquer the problem.Using Partial-equilibrium anal sis, the Pareto optimalit of wa- ter resources allocation can be reached b spreading water saving agriculture in the district where the w ater resources is allocated b market mechanism.However, there are three issues which should be considered w hen we spread water saving agriculture, as how to confirm the optimal w ater quantit , how to remove the doorsill to enter into the water saving agriculture and how to direct the farmers to voluntaril ac- cept the w ater saving technolog b means of the price lever.Through research on the above problem, the author thinks that the combina- tion of governmental intervention and market behaviors is an effective approach to realize water saving agriculture, namel , removing the doorsill to enter into the water saving agri