本科毕业设计（论文）年产40万吨合成氨脱碳工段的设计.doc

年产40万吨合成氨脱碳工段的设计 [摘要]脱碳工段是合成氨工程中必不可少的工段之一，二氧化碳吸收塔和溶液再生塔是脱碳过程中不可缺少的塔设备。合成氨厂无论使用何种原料制成原料气，经变 换后，都含有大量的二氧化碳。这些二氧化碳如果不在合成氨工序前及时除净，氨的合成就无法进行下去；另一方面，二氧化碳本身是制取尿素、碳酸氢铵等产品的原料，也可加工成干冰、食品级二氧化碳。二氧化碳吸收塔的设计具有回收二氧化碳的功能。 本文权衡众多合成氨脱碳方法之利弊，最终选择碳酸丙烯酯脱碳法。首先进行工艺流程分析并根据工艺参数及有关标准进行二氧化碳吸收塔和解析塔内的物、热量衡算；其次就二氧化碳吸收塔、溶液再生塔等设备利用物理吸收机理、传质传热方程、溶液物性数据等方面的知识进行塔体的总体结构设计和计算；然后对二氧化碳吸收和解析塔进行了必要的强度校核；最后对脱碳工段车间结构布置进行合理的设计。本设计作为理论上的准备工作，为分析工艺流程、设备设计上存在的问题、确定问题的根源、提出解决问题的合理方案准备了充分的理论依据。 [关键词] 碳酸丙烯酯法；脱碳工艺；工程设计 The Design of the Decarbonization Section in the Production of the 40 thousand tons Synthetic Ammonia per year Liu Lang-lang (Grade06,Class1,Major chemical engineering and technology,chemistry Dept.,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723001,Shaanxi) Tutor:Li Zhi-zhou Abstract:Decarbonizing section is one of the absolutely necessary sections in the Synthetic Ammonia, and the Carbon dioxide absorption tower and the solution regeneration tower are indispensable tower equipment in the Synthetic Ammonia. Whether the ammonia plant use what raw materials to make feed gas, it contains large amount Carbon dioxide after transformation. The ammonia can not be synthesized if these Carbon dioxide are not removable in time. the other hand, the Carbon dioxide is the raw material of the urea and ammonium bicarbonate etc,it can be processed carbon dioxide ice, food grade Carbon dioxide. Designing Carbon dioxide absorption tower is function to recovery Carbon dioxide. This paper tradeoff advantages and disadvantages of much approach to decarbonization, propylene carbonate (PC) decarboniza-tion is selected finally. The technological process was analyzed, and the material and heat was balanced according to parameters and relevant standards firstly. The tower body general structure was designed calculation by using physical absorption Mechanism, mass transfer and heat transfer equation, solution -physical data stc secondly. And then the strength of the Carbon dioxide absorption tower and the solution regeneration t