百日草雄性不育系的获得及其细胞学观察.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2008,41(5):1436-1443 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 百日草雄性不育系的获得及其细胞学观察 叶要妹，陈天花，胡秋实，包满珠 （华中农业大学园艺林学学院/ 园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室，武汉 430070 ） 摘要：【目的】获得百日草雄性不育系，并探索其花药发育机制，为百日草杂种优势的利用提供一条新途径。 【方法】采用自交 F代出现的不育材料连续回交获得的不育系再进行兄妹交、可育株自交，结合与多个自交系测 2 交进行不育类型鉴定，并对其细胞学进行研究。【结果】获得了百日草深红色单隐性雄性不育两用系AH209AB。正 常可育的花药,其药壁由 4 层细胞构成,即表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层；花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分 裂为同时型；成熟花粉为三细胞型。雄性不育株花瓣退化或丝状，雄蕊退化成丝状，内无花粉，外观呈绒毛状； 花药在造孢细胞组织形成后，没有继续分化产生药壁结构、花粉母细胞及其花粉,为完全的结构性雄性不育类型。 【结论】该雄性不育系属于无花粉囊型不育系，在F代种子生产上具有重要的利用价值。 1 关键词：百日草；雄性不育；花药发育；细胞学 Production and Their Cytological Observations of the Male Sterile Lines of Zinnia elegans YE Yao-mei, CHEN Tian-hua, HU Qiu-shi, BAO Man-zhu (College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070) Abstract: 【Objective 】In order to find out a new pathway for utilizing heterosis of Zinnia elegans and accelerate breeding process, the mechanism of anther development of a male sterile line was explored. 【Method 】 Backcross, sibmating, selfing of fertile plants and testcross with inbred lines were analyzed and identified in the field, and cytomorphology was observed. 【Result 】 Recessive nucleus male sterile line AH209AB that capable of being a maintainer was obtained by successive backcrosses with male sterile plants and fertile F1 plants as male parents. Cytological and anatomical studies indicated that: (1) The wall of normal anther was constituted of four layers of cells such as epidermis, powder chamber wall, middle level and tapetum cells. The pr