03+First+Law+machinary.pptVIP

Joule-Thomson throttling experiment The gas expands through the porous barrier (throttle), the whole apparatus is thermally insulated (adiabatic). is an isenthalpic process? 节流膨胀 Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu The experimental arrangement results adiabatically at left at right the total work Measuring Joule–Thomson coefficient J – T expression gives dH=0 Joule–Thomson coefficient of gases J – T expression gives dH = 0 for gases at constant n Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu Joule –Thomson coefficient of gases Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu Measuring Joule–Thomson coefficient ? throttling experiment all the points are the same H Isenthalpic curve The slope at any point Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu Inversion temperature ? Isenthalpic curve Heating Cooling inversion Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu Isenthalps ? throttling experiment Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu The inversion temperature ? inversion temperature Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu The liquefaction of gases. Linde refrigerator Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu 3.5 the relation between CV and Cp ? expansion coefficient Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu 3.5 the relation between CV and Cp Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu (3.20) (3.21) Atkins de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 7e 3 The First Law: the machinery Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu T, p Justification irreversible = reversible 理想气体等温循环 ? 理想气体等温过程 Net heat -2000 -1000 -500 0 irreversible = reversible ? Irreversible: 系统复原，环境付出了功而换得了等量的热 环境未能和系统同时复原，在环境留下了功变热的变化 Discussion questions Provide molecular interpretations for work and heat. 2.1(b) Work is a transfer of energy that results in orderly motion of the atoms and molecules in a system; heat is a transfer of energy that results in disorderly motion. 关注功热转化方向性 一 单项选择题 Given the reactions (1) and (2) below, ( ) 2 A A B C D - 590 kJ mol-1 - 573 kJ mol-1 - 431 kJ mol-1 - 127 kJ mol-1 C 一 单项选择题 A B C D A sample of carbon dioxide of mass 16.0 g that is expanded reversibly and