面向对象的程序设计08.pptVIP

Object-Oriented Programming 计算机科学与技术学院 刘培强 liupq@126.com 3.5 Constructors and the Destructor Introduction Why do we need constructor? Introduction 程序设计的悲哀是对不确定的状态进行了确定的操作。 A better approach is to allow the programmer to declare a function with the explicit purpose of initializing objects. Because such a function constructs values of a given type, it is called a constructor. A constructor is recognized by having the same name as the class itself. Constructor 承担的任务是：实例（对象）生成与初始化。 Introduction Introduction Class constructors typically is invoked automatically by the complier rather than by the programmer. A constructor is a method whose name is the same as the class name. the default constructor（缺省构造函数）: invoked with no arguments the parameterized(参数化的) constructor: invoked with arguments copy constructor（拷贝构造函数） convert constructor （类型转换） Constructors A constructor provides a class with a special method that is invoked automatically whenever an object is created. Constructors are used to initialize data members and to do any other processing appropriate to an object’s creation.（Constructor承担的任务：实例（对象）生成与初始化） Constructors Constructors – the default constructor Constructors Constructors Arrays of Class Objects and the Default Constructor Restricting Object Creation Through Constructor Restricting Object Creation Through Constructor The compiler provides a public default constructor for a class with two exception: If a class explicitly declare any constructor, the complier does not provide a public default constructor. In this case, the programmer must provide a public default constructor if desired. If a class declares a nonpublic default constructor, the complier does not provide a public default constructor. The Copy Constructor The copy constructor creates a new object as a copy of another object. Two common prototypes for the copy constructor: The Copy Constructor If the user does not provide a copy constructor, the compiler does. The compiler’s version copie