北疆膜下滴灌玉米氮磷配施效应研究.docVIP

北疆膜下滴灌玉米氮磷配施效应研究 梁飞12 曾胜和12※ 王国栋12 张磊12 陈云12 （1、新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所，83200，新疆石河子 2、新疆生产建设兵团植物营养与肥料学会 ，83200，新疆石河子） 摘要：为了提高滴灌玉米产量，降低氮磷肥料的浪费，采用二因素试验设计，研究了北疆中高产田氮磷配施对滴灌玉米产量的影响。结果表明：不同生育期，氮磷平衡施肥对滴灌玉米的生长有着重要的作用。在本研究条件下，氮磷施用比例前中后期分别为1:0.2、1:0.4、1:0.2时，滴灌玉米产量最高，氮磷施用比例前中后期分别为1:0.2、1:0.4、1:0.4时，产量次之。因此，北疆中高产田滴灌玉米生产中应适量施用氮肥，按玉米生育时期控施磷肥，配施锌等微量元素肥料，以保证在取得高产的同时取得较好的经济效益。 关键字：玉米，膜下滴灌，氮，磷，平衡施肥 中图分类号:S143,S5062 Response of Maize to NP Balanced Fertilization Under Plastic Mulched Drip Irrigation in Northern Xinjiang (1、Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil -fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science, 832000, Shihhotze Xinjiang China 2、Society of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 832000, Shihhotze Xinjiang China) Abstract: In order to improve the production of Maize and reduce the waste of fertilizers, the yield of Maize were appraised by two factors test under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang. Major research conclusions are as follows: The yield of Maize increased with NP fertilization application at different growth stages. Under the study condition, the yield of applying of NP rate at 1:0.2 in pre-period,1:0.4 in mid-period and 1:0.2 in post-period is highest, while the yield of applying of NP rate at 1:0.2 in pre-period,1:0.4 in mid-period and 1:0.4 in post-period is second high. Thus, high yield, as well as better economic benefits could be made by applying NP in proper amount, controlling the amount of NP, and applying trace-element fertilizer, like Zn at different growth stages in the middle and high yield field of maize under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang. Key Words: Maize; Plastic Mulched Drip Irrigation; N; P; Balanced Fertilization 我国的化肥的生产量和消费量已居于世界第一[1] ，占全世界化肥产量的三分之一，而且每年以2-3%消耗量进行增加[2]。自2006年，我国的氮肥消费量已经占据了世界氮肥产量的40%[3]，磷肥消费量约占世界消费量的25%[4]。在化肥的生产和施用中, 氮磷的消费比例之所以受到世界各国的普遍关注[5]。我国分别于1997年和2006年基本满足了国内氮肥和磷肥的自给自足；但是我国的磷矿石的存量仅为7亿吨，只能维持30-40年得国内磷肥需求[2]；另外，2009年我国氮肥的施用量是1990年的2倍，但粮食产