The English of Public Speaking - 副本.ppt

2009-11-10 The English of Public Speaking Features of English Varieties Stylistic Analysis of the English of Conversation Introduction Definition History Types Purpose Ways of delivery Structure What we analyze Definition Speeches delivered in public for a special purpose… “a memorized, original, persuasive speech, dealing with worth-while subject matter of timely interests, demonstrating qualities of logic, organization, language, and delivery, and producing an effect of eloquence which is far above the ordinary.” (Buehler and Johannesen ) History ancient Grecian city-states and the Roman Empire Athens: the cradle of orators Socrates, Plato, Aristotle The Rhetoric (Aristotle) Methods of effective persuasive speaking ethos, pathos, and logos Ethos: a speakers credibility Pathos: a speakers emotional appeals Logos: a speakers logical appeals Types The informative speech---It aims to inform the audience of someone or something, such as classroom lectures, business reports, and research presentations. Its remarkable characteristics are clarity and simplicity. The persuasive speech---It aims to influence or change the audiences feelings and beliefs or extort them to take some action. It is often used by the lawyer, the candidate for office, or whoever argues for or against a proposal, an opinion or a new theory. Types The entertaining speech---It aims to interest, entertain or amuse the audience rather than to arouse any serious response in the audience. The stimulating speech---It is mainly designed to stimulate or impress the audience. It often occurs in memorial services, inauguration ceremonies, anniversries, solemn celebrations. Purpose To inform To persuade To entertain To impress Ways of delivery Reading from a manuscript Reciting from memory Impromptu speaking Extemporaneous speaking Structure Introduction (the greetings, the presentation of the problem, the definition of the problem.) Body (the opposing views, the refutation, the evidence, examples, etc