FieldResearch(质化田野研究,田野调查).pptVIP

Field Research (質化田野研究、田野調查) Social Research Methods 2113 6501 Spring, 2006 April 3-24, 2006 (Qualitative) Field Research (Ethnography, Participant observation) (民族誌、參與觀察) produce qualitative (non-numerical) data very old and very new in social science direct and face-to-face social interaction with “real people” in a natural setting (自然情境下的與人面對面的社會交流) Interesting but could be time consuming, emotionally draining and sometimes physically dangerous Part I Research questions appropriate for field research A short history of field research The logic of field research Choosing a site and gaining access Relations in the field Research Questions Appropriate for Field Research Provide a very comprehensive perspective, so it’s appropriate for topics defying simple quantification (完整深入的觀察，適合無法以量化方式呈現的研究主題) Study attitudes and behaviors best understood within their natural setting (適合在自然情境下最能被理解的態度和行為) appropriate when studying a group of interacting people Study: people in a location, amorphous social experiences (不定型的社會經驗) The strength: reveal things that would not otherwise be apparent (發現顯示那些並非顯而易見的事物) Terminology of Field Research Members (成員): people who are studied in a field setting (被研究者，即觀察對象) The Outsider (局外人): 即研究者 A short history of field research (也可視為不同質性研究典範興起的過程) Academic field research began with anthropology Chicago School of Sociology (芝加哥社會學派) 1910s~1930s: journalistic and anthropological models of research (探討真正發生什麼事 用局內人的觀點看世界) 1940s~1960s: developed participant observation (參與觀察) In situ, direct interaction, members’ perspectives (研究自然場域、直接與人互動、以成員觀點瞭解世界) A short history of field research (也可視為不同質性研究典範興起的過程) Declined after WW II Revived in the 1970s and 1980s Today: an activist or social constructionist perspective on social life (行動主義或社會建構觀點納入社會生活) Social processes of negotiation, discussion, and bargaining to construct social meaning 質性研究的重點在於每天面對面協商、討論、討價還價的社會過程中建構出的社會意義 Ethnography (民族誌) Ethnography: describing a culture and understanding