英语词汇学03.ppt

English Lexicology Homework check: Chapter 11 第十一单元 英语词汇的最新发展 一般了解：一、英语词汇发展的原因 二、英语词汇发展的途径 Review of Lecture II What is word? What is vocabulary? How many kinds of words? By origin By usage By notion Lecture III Lecture III The Development 1. The History of English Old English (450-1100) Middle English (1100-1500) Modern English (1500-present) 2. Modern English Words Borrowing Neologism 3. Modes of Development The History of English The study of the historical development of the English vocabulary should not be treated in isolation from the history and the growth of the English language itself. Understanding the history may give us an insight into the nature of English: extremely rich and heterogeneous, a heavy borrower, full of synonyms, global language. The History of English Old English (OE): 450-1150 Middle English (ME): 1150-1500 Early Modern English (EMnE): 1500-1770 Modern English (MdE): 1770-present The History of English The History of English The History of English: Old English The pronunciation of OE differs somewhat from that of their modern equivalents; The vocabulary of OE is an almost purely Teutonic; OE is a language of full inflections. OE has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. Literature of Old English The History of English: Middle English Middle English is characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Since the French-speaking Normans were the ruling class, French was used for all state affairs and for most social and cultural matters; but the masses continued to speak English. The History of English: Middle English The language that emerged at that time showed vast and significant changes in the English vocabulary - the loss of a large part of the Old English word stock and the adoption of thousands of French words. Between 1250 and 1500 about 9000 words of French origin poured into English. 75 percent of them are still in