英国文学史.pptVIP

英国文学史 制作人:向尚 Time:2006.12.17 Thomas Gray (1716—1771) Thomas Gray was one of the most important poets of the eighteenth century. This scholar and poet was the most famous for his poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. Thomas Gray was born on December 26, 1716 in Cornhill section of London, England. He was the only child in his family of eight to survive infancy. In 1764 he had an operation from which he never recovered. At the age of fifty-five, Gray suffered a violent attack of gout in the stomach and finally died in his room on July 30, 1771 in Cambridge, London. He was buried beside his beloved mother at Stoke Poges churchyard, the scene of the Elegy. 名作墓园挽歌的作者在所有早期的浪漫主义诗人中,学识最为渊博,性格也最为通达.年青时,他体质非常孱弱, 是他们家十二个孩子中惟一幸存的一位.他的童年很不幸,父亲很粗暴,并且后来他离开他深爱的母亲,不幸的童年使他的一生在忧郁中度过, 在他的所有诗作中都可看到这种伤感风格. Horace Walpole 贺拉斯·沃波尔(Horace Walpole,1717～1797),英国作家、鉴赏家、收藏家,曾开创哥特小说的风气.在大学里他和托马斯.格雷建立了深厚的友谊,他带领格雷在欧洲大陆游历了三年. Stoke Poges churchyard 墓园挽歌弥漫着淡淡的忧伤,它是早期浪漫主义诗歌的标志,是那个时代最完美的诗,它属于那个时代.读弥尔顿的深思的人和格雷的挽歌就等于看到了占据英国诗人思想一个多世纪的”忧伤文学”的开端和完美阶段. ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly oer the lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. 晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧，牛群在草原上迂回，吼声起落，耕地人累了，回家走，脚步踉跄，把整个世界留给了黄昏与我。 * * curfew :the evening bell Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight, And all the air a solemn stillness holds, Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight, And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds; 苍茫的景色逐渐从眼前消退，一片肃穆的寂静盖遍了尘寰，只听见嗡嗡的甲虫转圈子纷飞，昏沉的铃声催眠着远处的羊栏。 save :except beetle :the insect with upper wings converted to hard wing-case folds :the distant sheepfolds