土木工程专业英语翻译2.pptVIP

2 Overview of Engineering Mechanics 第二课工程力学概述 As we look around us we see a world full of things”: machines, devices, tools; things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. 只要我们环顾四周，我们就会看到一个充满“物品”的世界：有机器、设备、工具；有我们设计、建造和使用的物品；有木制的，金属的，陶瓷的，塑料的物品。 We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, look better, or are easier to use. 由经验我们知道，某些物品比其它好，使用寿命较长，造价较低，噪音较小，外观较好，或者使用方便。 Ideally, however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers—that is, it has been designed so as to answer the question, “Exactly what function should it perform? ” 然而，理想地说，每个物品都是根据设计者所理解的某组“功能要求”而设计的。也就是说，物品这样设计，以回答下列问题：“它到底要完成哪些功能？” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia, pressure etc. 在工程界，主要功能常常是某种承受由重力、惯性力、压力等引起的荷载。 From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding of materials, dimensions, and fastenings to produce structures that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost over a reasonable lifetime. 从我们家居的梁到飞机机翼，一定存在一种恰当的各材料、尺寸和联结件的组合，适于以合理的造价建造能在合理的使用寿命期间内可靠完成其使用功能的结构。 （另一译文，请比较） 从我们住宅中的梁到飞机的机翼，这些结构物都必须是材料、尺寸和连接的恰当组合而形成的，它们将在合理的使用期间，以合理的成本，可靠地完成其使用功能。 In practice, engineering mechanics methods are used in two quite different ways: 实践上，工程力学方法应用于两种较为不同的情况： The development of any new device requires an interactive, iterative, consideration of form, size, materials, loads, durability, safety, and cost. 任何新产品的开发都需要形状、尺寸、材料、荷载、耐久性、安全性以及造价交互的、反复的考虑。 When a device fails (unexpectedly) it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint the cause of failure and to identify potential corrective measures. Our best designs often evolve through a successive elimination of weak points. 如果一个产品意外失败，常需要准确查出失败原因，确定可能的改正措施。我们最好的设计往往是通过逐次消除弱点而得到的。 To many engineers, both of the a