主动形式表达 被动意义小结.docVIP

主动形式表达 被动意义小结 一般情况下，在英语中，主动语态表达主动意义，而被动语态表达被动意义。但是，在某些情况下，被动意义却用主动语态的动词形式来表达。以下就是几种情况： 1. lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。例如： The poem translates well. 这首诗翻译得很好。 The cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗涤。 Bikes of that kind hardly sell. 那种自行车很难卖出。 2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen表示“称重”、“测量”、“花费”、“持续”、“发生”等状态动词或不及物动词，虽然汉语有被动含义，但英语要用主动形式。例如： The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两小时。 What happened to him last night? 昨晚他发生了什么事？ 3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等半系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义。例如： The bamboo chair feels cool. 这竹椅摸起来很凉快。 His theory sounded reasonable. 他的理论听起来有些道理。 4. 表示“需要”的need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。例如： The old house wants repairing (or: to be repaired). 那座旧房子需要修了。 This dictionary is well worth buying. 这本字典很值得买。 5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等用于说明主语性质特征的表语形容词后面，所跟的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义，该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。例如。 What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. 很难预料未来的生活是什么样子。 The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry. 这个书包背起来似乎很重。 The water in the river is unfit to drink. 这条河里的水不宜饮用。 6. 不定式作定语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时，不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。例如： She has an old grandfather to look after. 她有一位年迈的爷爷需要照顾。 Have you any homework to do this evening? 今晚你有作业要做吗？ Please give the child a picture-book to read. 请给那孩子一本图画书看。 Is there anything else to do? 还有别的什么事情要（我）做吗？ Choose the best answer. 1. The new books are of great use. They _______ well and _______ already. A. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell; sell out D. sold; have sold out 2. There are pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. chosen D. for choosing 3. Many foreigners think that Chinese is too difficult _______. A. to learn B. learning C. to be learned D. learned