加强基本功训练的方法分析.docVIP

加强基本功训练 Strengthen basic training 　　一般计算能力的结构成分可以确定为以下五个方面：挖掘题目信息的能力（即初步定向的能力），定义、法则、公式、定理等的运用能力，选择合理方法的能力，简化计算的能力，估算能力。因此，小学生要加强数学基本功训练，需要从以下几方面着手。 General computing capacity of structural components can be identified as the following five aspects: to develop ability of subject information (that is, the preliminary orientation ability), the definition, principle, formula and theorem using ability, the ability to choose a reasonable method, simplified calculation ability, the ability to estimate. Elementary school students to strengthen the mathematical basic skill training, therefore, need from the following several aspects. 　　（1）注重理解算理和法则。算理和法则是计算的依据，要使学生会算，首先使学生明确怎样算，也就是加强法则及算理的理解。学生掌握计算法则关键在于理解，既要学生懂得怎样算，更要学生懂得为什么要这样算。理解算理，掌握算法是正确进行计算的重要保证。例如，小学三年级学习三位数乘以两位数时，涉及口算、估算、竖式计算，对于这一知识的教学，我改变计算题以做题为主的惯例，鼓励学生多动嘴说，说一说算理，说一说计算的过程即数学思维过程，目的在于使学生的思维高度活跃，做到真正理解算理。学生通过说算法、说过程进行对比、区别，就会建立起清晰的表象，计算的正确就得到了保障。 (1) pay attention to understand calculate principle and law. Calculation principle and law is the basis, to make the student union, make students explicitly how to calculate, first is to strengthen understanding and calculate of the laws. Students master algorithm is the key to the understanding, should students know how to calculate, more students to understand why. Understand calculate, control algorithm is the important guarantee of correct calculation. Primary school is grade three learning three digits, for example, when multiplied by double digits, involving oral, estimating, upright, for the knowledge of teaching, I changed my math to give priority to solve the problem of practice, encourage students to more words said, say to calculate, say calculate namely the process of mathematical thinking process, the purpose is to make students thought highly active, do really understand the work. Students through the said algorithm, the said process is compared, the difference, will establish a clear representation, calculation is correct. 　　（2）坚持口算训练。口算是计算的重要组成部分，是学生必须掌握的