articulation.ppt

articulation a specific, gradually developing motor skill that involves mainly peripheral motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech phoneme the smallest unit within a language that is able, when combined with other units, to establish word meanings and distinguish among them. phonology the study of the meaningful units of sound within a language; the description of the systems and patterns of phonemes that occur in a language. Articulatory phonetics: basic terms vowels: tense = /I, e, 3, u, o, O/ rounded = /u, U, o, O, 3/ consonants: sonorants (semivowels=nasals, liquids, glides) obstruents (stops, fricatives, affricates) organ, place, manner, voicing monophthong,diphthong (onglide,offglide) Place-manner-voice Voiced [b,d,g,v,D, z, Z, dZ, m, n, N, l, r, w, j] Voiceless [p, t, k, f, T, s, S, tS, h] Place-manner-voice categories: Place labial [p,b,f,v,m,w] dental [T,D] alveolar [t,d,s,z,n,l] postalveolar [S,Z,tS,dZ] palatal [j,r] velar [k,g,N] glottal [h] Place-manner-voice Manner stop-plosives: [p,b,t,d,k,g] fricatives: [f,v,T,D,s,z,S,Z,h] affricates: [tS, dZ] nasals: [m,n,N] liquids: [l, r ] glides: [w, j] Coarticulation:Assimilation/harmony processes Contact assimilation remote assimilations progressive assimilations regressive assimilations total assimilations partial assimilations Syllable structure: peak = most prominent, acoustically intense onset = syllable release coda = syllable arrest Assessing medial position Goldman Fristoe-2 Test of Articulation: [d] in “window” = onset of unstressed, open syllable, preceded by consonant made in same place of articulation (CVCCV) [T] in “bathtub” = coda of stressed syllable, followed by onset of closed syllable (CVCCVC) [n] in “banana” = onset of stressed, open syllable in a trisyllabic word;reduplicated syllables (CVCVCV) [l] in “balloo