Biosensors.ppt

Biosensors Christopher Byrd ENPM808B University of Maryland, College Park December 4, 2007 Outline Introduction 4 Specific Types of Biosensors Electrochemical (DNA) Carbon nanotube BioFET Whole Cell Basic functionality Benefits/Challenges Summary References Introduction Biosensor: Incorporation of a biomolecule in order to detect something Introduction Biosensors ~ $3B 90% → Glucose testing 8% - 10% increase in industry per year Electrochemical DNA Sensors Harnesses specificity of DNA Simple assembly Customizable Vast uses for small cost DNA Structure DNA structures---double helix 4 complementary bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) DNA Specificity Hydrogen bonding between base pairs Stacking interaction between bases along axis of double-helix Animation Principles of DNA biosensors Nucleic acid hybridization E-DNA Sensor Structure E-DNA Sensor Structure E-DNA Sensor Structure Carbon Nanotube Biosensor Carbon Nanotube Biosensor One atom thick One nanometer diameter Ability to be functionalized Electrical conductivity as high as copper, thermal conductivity as high as diamond CNT Biosensor Structure CNT Uncoated vs. Coated Carbon Nanotube Biosensors CNT Biosensor Signal Detection CNT Biosensor Signal Detection CNT Biosensor Results BioFET Draws upon versatility of common electronic component (Field-Effect Transistor) Well understood expectations/results FET FET FET FET BioFET BioFET BioFET Results BioFET Results Whole Cell Sensors Whole Cell Sensors Harness normal genetic processes May detect dozens of pathogens Modifiable/customizable Reports bioavailability Temperature/pH sensitive Short shelf-life Whole Cell Sensors Action-Potential Biosensor Action-Potential Biosensor Action-Potential Biosensor Action-Potential Biosensor Action-Potential Biosensor Summary Use of biomolecules in sensors offers: Extreme sensitivity Flexibility of use Wide array of detection Universal application Summary But still