毕业设计（论文）-刀具座改进设计及有限元分析.doc

摘 要 切削技术是机械制造行业的传统基础工艺之一，自二十世纪八十年代以来，制造技术的全面进步，已把切削技术推向高速切削的新阶段，使得高速切削逐渐的成为了切削加工的主流。切削加工系统由三大部分构成，即机床、刀具联接系统和刀具切削部分。作为机床主轴与切削刀片之间的联接，刀具联接系统对于整个加工系统尤其是高速加工系统来说，具有重要意义。论文首先介绍了高速切削技术的理论体系及发展趋势，阐述了高速切削的关键技术，详述了刀具联接系统的研究现状，并介绍了实际生产中使用的一种包含了HSK刀具联接系统的刀具座以及它在生产中所出现的问题。论文根据弹塑性力学的基础知识，推导了高速旋转状态下实心圆轴的应力计算公式，并据此公式估算了刀具座在使用中的应力。论文针对长期使用出现裂纹的刀具座进行疲劳断裂分析，指出刀具座严重的应力集中影响了刀具座的疲劳强度，减少了刀具座的使用寿命；通过破损面的电子显微镜观察，观察了材质和加工表面，确定刀具座的应力集中主要是由刀具座的几何形状突变而产生的。通过使用三坐标测量机测量了刀具座的精确实体尺寸，根据测得的尺寸，使用三维制图软件Pro/E建立实体模型，导入到有限元分析软件ANSYS中，通过力学分析，观察刀具座的应力集中状况，据此，提出刀具座结构形状的改进方案，以缓解刀具座的应力集中，并通过多次有限元力学分析结果比较，选择了合适的改进尺寸，最终刀具座的结构形状改进取得了很好的效果，得到了企业的认可。关键词：高速切削；刀具座；疲劳分析；有限元；应力集中  Abstract Cutting is one of the traditional and basic techniques in mechanical manufacturing industry. Since the1980s, cutting technology has developed into a new stage of high-speed cutting, and makes high-speed cutting gradually become the mainstream cutting. Thecutting system consists of three parts, and they are machine tool, interface system and cutting tool, is of critical significance for the whole cutting system. In the paper, the theoretical background and developing trend of high-speed cutting are introduced. It also demonstrates the core technology in high-speed cutting, as well the research status of interface system. The paper introduces a toolframe with an HSK interface system used in actual production and describes the detail of the problem with the toolframe. By using the basic theory and knowledge of elasticity and plasticity mechanics, the stress formula of high-speed rotation solid round spindle has been got, and the stress of the high-speed rotation toolframe is calculated according to the formula. The paper analyzes the fatigue fracture of the toolframe with cracks, and finds the ultra stress concentration that affects the fatigue strength of the toolframe and shortens its life. With the help of scanning electronic microscope, it is found that the ultra stress concentration iscaused by the sudden change of the geometry