毕业设计（论文）-活塞加工工艺及专用夹具设计.doc

活塞的机械加工工艺及夹具设计 摘 要：本设计通过对内燃机铝活塞加工技术的发展、活塞的工作环境以及结构特点的分析，确定了活塞的加工过程及加工方案，其中主要包括：生产纲领和生产类型的确定、材料的选择、毛坯的制造方法、机械加工余量的确定、各加工工序切削用量的确定、工序时间的计算以及工序卡片的编制。最后，进一步选择并设计了两套典型的机床夹具，精镗销孔夹具设计和钻油孔夹具设计，其中主要包括：定位方案与夹紧方案的设计，分度装置的设计、两套夹具的工作原理以及在夹具设计过程中应该注意的问题。经过设计分析和论证，活塞的工艺设计与夹具设计是可行的。 关键词：活塞、工序、机床夹具、机械加工、定位夹紧、分度装置 Design of the Machining Process on the Piston and Fixture Student：Guo Wei Tutor：Dong Liang (College of Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China) Abstract :In the paper of this graduation design ,through the comprehensive explication of the developing of aluminum piston of the internal-combustion engine whose the machining technologies,the surrounding of working and the analysis of structural of the piston.It is conformed the technology process and arrange for process of piston. It mainly includes:produce outline and produce type to be conformed,choose material,the manufacturing method of the semi-finished product of material,the amount of remaining of machine process to be conformed ,the cutting dosage of each process to be conformed,calculated the working procedure time and draw up the working procedure.Lastly,chose and designed two sets of typical model of tool machine tongs,designed the tongs of drilling the oil bore and designed the tongs of the milling machine.It mainly includes among them:the position project and the pressure designed,the cet degree design,two sets of wrok principles of tongses and what we must be notice in the process of the piston design.Through the analysis and argument,the arts and crafts design and the tongs design of the piston is viable. Keywords : piston; porking procedure; machine tongs; manufacture process technology; locating and clamping; indexing device 1 绪 论 1.1 本课题的研究意义，国内外研究现状、水平和发展趋势 活塞是发动机中的重要零件之一。它在工作时承受发动机汽缸内高温气体的压力，并通过活塞销、连杆将压力传给曲轴。因此活塞是在高温、高压和连续变负载下工作的。 发动机活塞的材料为铝合金，它的导热性好、重量轻、惯性力小，并具有较好的切削加工性。铝活塞的毛坯采用金属模浇铸。毛坯的精度较高，活塞销孔也能铸出，因此机械加工余量可以相应地减少。毛坯在机械加工前要切去浇冒口，并进行时效处理，以消除铸造时因冷却不均匀而产生的内应力。 1.2