27_Animal Law(I) 動物法律.pptVIP

* 儘管動物福利是立法的重要主體，動物的合法地位仍是財產。這鼓勵人們把動物視為財產且不認同牠們的利益為有感情的東西。即使有相當完善之動物福利法律，動物之法律地位仍然是「物」。這樣的條件促使人類視動物為物品，而不承認動物是有感知的生存體。歐盟的動物保護和福利協議書縱使要求會員國「在立法與執法時要盡全力關切動物福利之需求」，但仍「允許會員國的立法或管理的規定中有關宗教儀式、文化傳統、地區傳承的例外 」。這樣提供了廣泛的例外空間，包括鬥牛和製造鵝肝醬前的強迫餵食。動物福利立法國家中之法律大多屬禁止性的，沒有規定什麼應特別要供應給動物的，且必須要能充分證明有造成動物受苦之意圖，才構成犯法；假如是因為對動物提供不足而造成的受苦，也不認為是犯法。法律能給予動物之保護決定於動物之地位，如下一張幻燈片所示。 Notwithstanding the considerable body of animal welfare legislation, the legal status of animals is still as ‘property’. This encourages people to regard animals as property and not to recognise their interests as sentiment beings. The Protocol on protection and welfare of animals in the EU, whilst requiring that Member States “pay full regard to the welfare requirements of animals when formulating and implementing legislation”, allows exceptions on the grounds of “legislative or administrative provisions and customs of the Member States relating in particular to religious rites, cultural traditions and regional heritage”. This provides a wide scope for exceptions, including bull fighting and the force-feeding of geese for the production of pate de foie gras. In countries where animal welfare legislation is largely prohibitive, there is no requirement for specific provision for animals and an offence may only be proven if there is deliberate intent to cause an animal to suffer; suffering due to lack of a provision is not considered an offence. The legal protection afforded to an animal may depend on the animal’s status—as shown on the next slide. * 例如在英國，兔子受不同的法律保護；該採用那一種法律，端視這隻兔子是寵物、農場動物、動物園動物、實驗動物、野生動物或害蟲。即使要求對兔子的福利應該有一致性在法律上是合理的，但兔子在不同情況仍有不同程度的保護。 In the UK, for example, a rabbit is protected by different legislation, depending on whether the rabbit is a pet, a farmed animal, a zoo animal, an experimental animal, a wild rabbit or a ‘pest’. Even though it is reasonable to assume that the welfare requirements of a rabbit are consistent, rabbits in each situation are given a different level of protection. * 這是一個養