Cellular Wireless Networks.ppt

Cellular Wireless Networks Chapter 10 Cellular Network Organization Use multiple low-power transmitters (100 W or less) Areas divided into cells Each served by its own antenna Each served by a base station consisting of transmitter, receiver, and control unit Each with band of frequencies allocated Cells are set up in a way such that antennas of all neighbors are equidistant (hexagonal pattern) Frequency Reuse Adjacent cells assigned different frequencies to avoid interference or crosstalk Objective is to reuse frequency in nearby cells 10 to 50 frequencies assigned to each cell Transmission power controlled to limit power at that frequency escaping to adjacent cells The issue is to determine how many cells must intervene between two cells using the same frequency Frequency Reuse D/R=sqrt(3N) D: 使用相同频率的蜂窝区的最小中心距离 R: 一个蜂窝区的半径 N: 一个重用模型（在模型中每个蜂窝使用唯一的频率）的蜂窝区个数，称重用因子。 Approaches to Increase Capacity Adding new channels Frequency borrowing – frequencies are taken from adjacent cells by congested cells Cell splitting – cells in areas of high usage can be split into smaller cells Cell sectoring – cells are divided into a number of wedge-shaped (楔形) sectors, each with their own set of channels 减少同道干扰和邻道干扰的影响 Microcells （微蜂窝区） – antennas move to buildings, hills, and lamp posts Cellular System Overview Cellular Systems Terms Base Station (BS) – includes an antenna, a controller, and a number of receivers Mobile telecommunications switching office (MTSO) – connects calls between mobile units Two types of channels available between mobile unit and BS Control channels – used to exchange information having to do with setting up and maintaining calls Traffic channels – carry voice or data connection between users Steps in an MTSO Controlled Call between Mobile Users Mobile unit initialization:信道扫描, 注册等 Mobile-originated call Paging: MTSO试图寻找被叫 Call accepted Ongoing call Handoff Additional Functions in an MTSO Controlled Call Call bl