油橄榄生长关键期施肥与灌溉技术研究.pdfVIP

油橄榄生长关键期施肥和灌溉技术研究 1 1 2 1 汪加魏 ,马履一 ,张东升 , 贾忠奎 （1.北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护重点实验室，北京 100083 ；2.新疆林业科学院，新 疆乌鲁木齐 830000 ） 摘要：我国油橄榄的水肥管理技术措施简单粗放是导致油橄榄产量低的主要原因。以获得高产量和高品质的橄榄 油为最终目标，研究生长关键期灌溉、施肥与油橄榄含油率及油品质的关系，研究制定水肥管理关键技术能够有 效提高油橄榄产量。对我国油橄榄生长关键期灌溉和施肥技术的对比研究和综合分析，为油橄榄栽培管理、施肥 和灌溉及相关研究提供一定的参考。 关键词：油橄榄；关键期；施肥技术；灌溉技术 Study on Fertilizing and Irrigating Technique on Critical Period in Growth of Olive 1 1 2 1 WANG Jiawei , MA Luyi , ZHANG Dongsheng , JIA Zhongkui （1.Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,100083, China; 2.Xinjiang Forestry Academy of Sciences, Urumchi, 830000, China) Abstract: Simple and extensive management measures of Chinese olive leads to the main causes of low production. Aiming to obtain high yield and high quality olive oil, we studied the relationship between irrigation, fertilization and olive oil quality, made key technical measures of water and fertilizer management effectively improving the yield of olive oil, which means another important subject to olive industry development in China. Study on the fertilization and irrigation technology in the key phase of olive growing in our country, providing some reference to Chinese olive cultivation, fertilization and irrigation and the related research. Keywords: olive, critical period, fertilizer practice, irrigation technique 橄榄油（Olea europaea L. ）是高级食用油、保健用油、医药用油、化妆品工业用油，经济价值高，被 誉为“植物油皇后”（FAO ）。原产地属于地中海亚热带气候，夏季干热，冬季湿暖[1] 。油橄榄是喜钙怕酸、 喜干怕湿的耐贫瘠树种，适宜石灰岩发育而成的碱性钙质土壤和雨量不高的环境条件[2] 。经多年试种，在 贫瘠条件下，产量低，且易形成小老头树，要想生长健壮、产量高、品质好，必须科学合理施肥、适时适 量灌溉[3] 。施肥需考虑决定植株营养状况的各种因素，如土壤的自然肥力、土壤水分、有机质含