高温影响水稻产量形成研究进展.pdfVIP

中国农业科技导报，2014，16(3)：103-111 JournalofAgriculturalScienceandTechnology 高温影响水稻产量形成研究进展 吴 超 ， 崔克辉 (华中农业大学植物科技学院，农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 ，武汉430070) 摘 要：全球气候变暖导致气温升高，极端高温出现频率增加，严重影响水稻产量。孕穗期、抽穗扬花期、灌 浆结实期是水稻高温敏感时期。综述了水稻高温敏感期高温影响其产量形成的研究进展。高温影响花粉发 育、花药开裂和颖花育性等，也影响到同化物积累与转运、籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成等生理生化过程，最终导致结 实率下降和产量降低。从现有研究看，结实率和籽粒产量是水稻耐热性鉴定的两个主要农艺指标。综合已 有的研究，提出了遗传改良、肥水管理优化、人工辅助授粉和生长调节物质应用是减缓水稻高温伤害的可能 措施。 关键词：水稻；高温；孕穗期；灌浆期；产量形成；减缓高温伤害 doi：10．13304／j．nykjdb．2013．449 中图分类号：S311；$511；Q945．78 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008—0864(2014)03—0103—09 Progresson EffectofHigh TemperatureonRice YieldFormation WU Chao．CUIKe-hui (KeyLaboratoryofCropEcophysiologyandFarmingSystemintheMiddleReachesoftheYan~zeRiver，MinistryofAgnculture CollegeofPlantScienceandTechnology，HuazhongAgnculturalUniversity，Wuhan430070，China) Abstract：Hightemperaturestresscausedby globalwarmingposed aseriousthreattoricehig【h productivity．The increasing ~equency and intensity of extreme high temperature stress have adverse effects on rice growth， development，andrgainyield．Ricearesusceptibletohightemperatureduringbooting，flowering，andrgainfilling stages．Thispaperreviewed the recentresearch prorgessin studying the effectsofhigh temperature at3 stages (booting，heading＆flowering，rgainfilling)onricegrainyieldfomration．Hightemperaturehaddetrimentaleffects on pollen development， anther dehiscence， spikelet fertility， and on accumulation and translocation of photoassimilates，rgainfillingandstarchsynthesis．Th oseeffectssubsequentlyresultedinrgainfillingrateandrgain yielddeclining．Grain fiUing rate and rgain yield were mainly parametersforevaluating rice tolerance to high temperature．Onthe basisofpreviousstudies，thispaperputofrward severalmeasuresa