Cost Estimation.ppt

Cost Estimation CIS 375 Bruce R. Maxim UM-Dearborn Types of Cost Models Experiential derived from past experience Static derived using “regression” techniques doesn’t change with time Dynamic derived using “regression” techniques often includes the effects of time Expert Guessing A = The most pessimistic estimate. B = The most likely estimate. C = The most optimistic estimate. ê = (A + 4B + C) 6 (Weighted average; where ê = estimate). Delphi Technique Group of experts, make secret guesses. secret guesses are used to compute group average. Group average is presented to the group. Group, once again makes secret guesses. Individual guesses are again averaged. If new average is different from previous, then goto (4). Otherwise ê = new average. Wolverton Model - 1 Uses a software type matrix where the column headings come from the cross product {old, new} X {easy, moderate, hard} For example: Wolverton Model -2 Estimate models in terms of LOC: C(k) = Ss(k) * Ci,j(k) Cost of = Size matrix cost entry module k = of module k for modules like K System Cost = ? C(k) where k = 1 to n Problems with Expert Judgement It is subjective. (consensus is difficult to achieve) Extrapolating from one project to another may be difficult. Users and project managers tend not to estimate costs very well. Cost matrices require periodic updates. Function Points Function Point Equation F.P.’s = T * (0.65 + 0.01 * Q) T = unadjusted table total Q = score from questionnaire (14 items with values 0 to 5) Cost of producing one function point? May be organization specific. Function Point Questionnaire Backup. Data communication. Distributed processes. Optimal performance. Heavily used operating system. On-line data security. Multiple screens. On-line master file update. Complex inputs, queries, outputs. Complex internal processing. Reusable code. Conversion or installation. Multiple user sites. Ease of use. Static Linear Models Often bu