Transformer heat run test The loading back method.ppt

Transformer heat run test: The loading back method IEEE transformer Committee meeting, March 2008 By Marcel Fortin, eng., Consultant Standard Requirement: C57.12.90 clause 11 Tests shall be made by one of the following methods: a) Actual loading b) Simulated loading 1) The short-circuit method, in which appropriate total losses are produced by the effect of short-circuit current 2) The loading back (opposition) method, in which rated voltage and current are induced in the transformer under test Standard Requirement: C57.12.90 clause 11 Loading back method Loading back method Transformer 1: transformer under test Transformer 2: ??source?? transformer S1: variable source, provides essentially the total iron losses S2: variable source, provides essentially the copper losses Loading back method Tranformer 1 P1 : nomiral kVA Ip1: nominal primary current Is1: nominal secondary current Up1: nominal primary voltage Us1: nominal secondary voltage Iz1: percentage impedance N1: Up1/ Us1 Loading back method Tranformer 2 requirements P2 ? P1 Ip2 ? Ip1 Is2 ? Is1 Up2 ?? Up1 Us2 ?? Us1 Iz2: percentage impedance n2 = n1 ? (Iz1+Iz2) (base power: P1) Loading back method Source 1 requirement Variable source Voltage range: 0 to ?Us1 Nominal current: enough to feed the total magnetizing current. Loading back method Source 2 requirement Variable source Voltage range: 0 to ? total Iz voltage drop Nominal current ? Ip1 * * Duplicate (not nessary) transformers may be tested by connecting their respective high-voltage and low-voltage windings in parallel (see Figure 27 and Figure 28). Transformers shall be tested with the combination of connections and taps that give the highest average winding temperature rise. This will generally involve those connections and taps resulting in the highest losses. *