西欧空间规划和土地征用案例.pptVIP

The relation between spatial planning and expropriation in some Western European countries土地利用空间规划与土地征收之间的关系（以德国、法国、英格兰、荷兰为例） Prof. dr. Jan Struiksma Free University Amsterdam Netherlands 斯图克斯玛教授 阿姆斯特丹自由大学 Coupled instruments政府部门的多种手段 Four European countries:四个欧洲国家 Netherlands 荷兰 Germany 德国 France 法国 England 英国 Differences and resemblances 不同点和相似点 Planning documents and permit system for construction and development 基本建设和开发中的规划文件和许可证制度 System of expropriation, including procedures 土地征用管理规定和步骤 Relation between land use planning and expropriation 土地使用规划和土地征用之间的关系 Fixing of compensation 补偿金的确定 The similarities are striking相同之处显著 Remarkable: different legal traditions 显著特点是： 不同的法律制度传统 Consequence of the similar needs caused by spatial development? 空间利用开发引起的相同需求 There is more, I think 不仅仅是这些 Zero approach零基点土地征收方式 Assume there is no legislation 假定没有立法 Need to influence spatial development需要影响空间利用开发 Only option is to convince private parties 唯一的选择是说服个体方 But they don’t have to live up to the development ideas of the authorities 但是个体未必要满足官方的土地开发设想 Try to purchase试图购买土地 But they don’t have to sell 但私人实体未必要出售 Expropriation is a necessary instrument 征收土地将会是一种必要的手段 Infringement是否有侵害财产权行为？ Expropriation infringes the property right 土地征用是否有侵害财产权行为？ Authorities must give a justification: public interest 政府必须给出正当理由：为了公众利益 Sometimes obvious: infrastructure, harbors, public housing etc. 有的时候理由是明显的： 为了基础设施建设，港口，公共住房等 In general: all development initiated by democratic authorities and investigated en a public procedure, is in the public interest 总体情况是： 几乎所有的政府建设项目都要按照民主和公开的程序进行论证，以证明是为了公众利益而为之。 Depends on the spatial features: time, dimensions, place 要质疑这些项目的空间特点：时间、多维空间、地点等 Balancing of those features and private interests 在这些特点和个人利益之间找到平衡 Need of inquiry, control and review需要倾听各方立场，实施听证、行政审批和司法复审 Five phase feature 5个阶段 Proposal 提出建议 Inquiry需要倾听各方立场，实施听证 Determining (fixing compensation）确定补偿数额 Administrative co