Acids and Bases.ppt

Sinex CHM 101 Acids and Bases PGCC CHM 101 Sinex General properties ACIDS Taste sour Turn litmus React with active metals – Fe, Zn React with bases BASES Taste bitter Turn litmus Feel soapy or slippery (react with fats to make soap) React with acids Definitions Acids – produce H+ Bases - produce OH- Acids – donate H+ Bases – accept H+ Acids – accept e- pair Bases – donate e- pair Examples The Bronsted-Lowry Concept Neutralization Strong and Weak Acids/Bases What is acid rain? * blue to red red to blue Arrehenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis only in water any solvent used in organic chemistry, wider range of substances Arrhenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis HCl NaOH HCl NH3 :NH3 BF3 HCN The hydrogen ion in aqueous solution H+ + H2O ? H3O+ (hydronium ion) Conjugate pairs HCl Cl- CH3COOH CH3COO- NH4+ NH3 HNO3 NO3- How does a conjugate pair differ? H+ transfer In general: Acid + Base ? Salt + Water All neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions. HCl + NaOH ? NaCl + HOH HCl + Mg(OH)2 ? H2SO4 + NaHCO3 ? H2O ? H+ + OH- Does pure water conduct electrical current? (H+)(OH-) = 10-14 For pure water: (H+) = (OH-) = 10-7M This is neutrality and at 25oC is a pH = 7. Water is a very, very, very weak electrolyte. How are (H+) and (OH-) related? water HA Let’s examine the behavior of an acid, HA, in aqueous solution. What happens to the HA molecules in solution? HA H+ A- Strong Acid 100% dissociation of HA Would the solution be conductive? HA H+ A- Weak Acid Partial dissociation of HA Would the solution be conductive? HA H+ A- Weak Acid HA ? H+ + A- At any one time, only a fraction of the molecules are dissociated. Strong acids/bases – 100% dissociation into ions HCl NaOH HNO3 KOH H2SO4 Weak acids/bases – partial dissociation, both ions and molecules CH3COOH NH3 pH 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 neutral @ 25oC (H+) = (OH-) distilled water acidic (H+) (OH-) basic or alkaline (H