英语成语第13讲.pptVIP

1. What is idiom? As a matter of fact, it is a “language habit”. It takes on a unique feature in its syntax, lexicology and semantic sense. Strictly speaking, idioms can not be classified to lexicology nor grammar sphere. That means you cannot determine its correctness according to its grammar rules. 也称为：惯用法 广义上来说：泛指该民族语言中所有的惯用法和特殊表达方式。 包括：俚语、明喻、暗喻、典故及搭配。 如：What is your mother? How do you do ? 狭义范围的idiom, 指在长期的运用中，表达完整意义，结构定型的固定词组或短语。 按照搭配的紧密程度，可以分为：纯成语，半成语，及字面意义的成语。 纯成语 一个约定俗成的由两个以上单词组成的非字面意义的词组。如： by the skin of one’s teeth（九死一生） a cat’s paw( 被别人利用的人) A wet blanket (扫兴的人） Crocodile’s tears; spill the beans a dog’s life (悲惨的生活） 半成语 有一个或更多单词组成非字面意义。 foot the bill, salt of the earth; naked truth（完全的真实）; no spring chicken(已不再是年轻女人）; a bed of roses(舒适的生活） nip in the bud (防微杜渐） Turn over a new leaf （改头换面） 字面意义的成语 Bring the house down 获得全场博彩 Look one in the face; Good for nothing On the rock; From hand to mouth 仅供糊口 Kill the goose that laid the golden eggs. 2. Characteristics of idioms: P247 Being phrases or sentences, idioms each consist of more than one word, and a semantic unity. The individual element loses its respective literal meaning and identity. Likewise, the part of speech of each element is no longer important. For example： as sure as eggs is eggs（千真万确） Examples 1 ) Semantic unity: In fact, the semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning and the meaning of the whole idiom,which is often semantically inexplicable. All world and his wife （人人） Talk through one’s hat (胡言乱语） Easy on the eye （悦目的） Not find one’s tougue(无言以对） Bad-mouth somebody 说某人的坏话 2) Structural stability : Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent, unchangeable. That is , the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced; For example: lip service ≠ Mouth service; kick the bucket≠ strike the bucket; The word order cannot be inverted or changed; for example: by twos and threes ≠ By threes a