口译与笔译的区别.docVIP

口译和笔译的区别 Danica Seleskovitch Given the speed of the spoken language, one hour of simultaneous interpretation amounts to approximately 9,000 words. In about 2 hours, therefore, an interpreter will have processed and uttered roughly 20,000 words. It is interesting to compare this figure of 20,000 words with the amount handled in written translation. As we saw, earlier, the UN lays down a standard of between 6 and 8 pages, or 2,000 to 3,000 words per day. The daily contractual work load for conference translator is calculated on the basis of 2,000 words for ordinary texts and 1,000 words for technical texts. Thus, in one day, the interpreter processes 10 times as many words as the translator. However, as these words are concentrated into the time the interpreter is actually speaking (1/3 of the meeting time), the interpreter is in fact working 30 times faster than a translator. Whatever the fundamental differences between translation and interpretation, it is obvious that a working speed 3,000 % greater than that of a translator cannot be sustained for long, which is why simultaneous interpreters relieve one another every 20 minutes or half an hour. 　　口译与笔译的发展背景是不同的，笔译是在口译的基础上发展起来的，之后笔译发展比较迅速；笔译与口译存在着不同的标准、模式，尤其是近几年口译标准相继出现，丰富了口译标准，口译与笔译的特点与步骤不同，口译因为是现场工作，压力较大，而笔译相对而言要求的准确性较高。所以，口译与笔译对译员的素质要求是不同的。 　　翻译有笔译和口译之分。在英语中，从事笔译的人被成为translator，而从事口译的人则被称作interpreter。不论是笔译还是口译，都是用一种不同的语言来解释和再现原话的意思内容。笔译是通过笔头，即书面或文字形式，把一种语言表达的思想内容用另一种语言来再现。口译则是通过口头的形式，把一种语言表达的思想内容用另一种语言来再现。口译是一种特殊的口头交际手段，其任务是在不同语言、不同文化的交谈者之间发挥桥梁和纽带作用，使交谈双方感觉不到语言障碍而自由地进行思想交流。 　　口译就其工作方式而言一般可分为即席翻译（consecutive interpretation）和同声传译（simultaneous interpretation）两大类。讲话人说完一句话、一段话甚至一整篇后，由译员在现场立即译给听众的口译方式就叫做即席翻译，也称交替传译或连续翻译。讲话的时间可以从几秒（几十个字）到几分钟（几百乃至几千个字）不等。讲话与翻译交替进行。这种翻译方式主要用于两种情况：一是正式会见、政治会谈、外交或商务谈判、公务交涉、大会发言、学术交流、新闻发布会、记者招待会、宴会祝酒、开幕式、闭幕式、法庭辩论、情况介绍会等正规场合，译员往往要借助笔记进行口译；二是接待、礼宾迎送、陪同、参观、游览、宴会、购物、娱乐、生活安排等日常会话中，译员通常凭记忆进行口译。同声传译则是讲话人一面讲，译员一面译的口译方式。同声传译主要用于国际会议。同声传译可以分为三种情况：一是会议传译