Unit 14Measures of PublicHealth Impact.ppt

Measures of Public Health Impact Measures of Public Health Impact Relative Risk vs. Attributable Risk Relative Risk vs. Attributable Risk Measures of Public Health Impact Attributable Risk (AR) Attributable Risk (AR) Attributable Risk (AR) Attributable Risk Percent (AR%) Attributable Risk Percent (AR%) Population Attributable Risk (PAR) PAR and PAR% PAR and PAR% Population Attributable Risk (PAR) Population Attributable Risk (PAR) Population Attributable Risk Percent Population Attributable Risk Percent Measures of Public Health Impact Measures of Public Health Impact They are based on measures of incidence. We can calculate incidence measures from case-control studies only under special circumstances. Therefore, the AR and PAR cannot usually be calculated from case-control data. However, for most case-control studies, we can calculate the AR% and PAR%. AR% (Case-Control Studies) Example: AR% (Case-Control Studies) Example: AR% (Case-Control Studies) Example: AR% (Case-Control Studies) 66% of bladder cancer cases among smokers can be attributed to their smoking. 66% of bladder cancer cases among smokers could be prevented if they had never taken up smoking. (Assuming there is a causal association between smoking and the development of bladder cancer). PAR% (Case-Control Studies) Example: PAR% (Case-Control Studies) Example: PAR% (Case-Control Studies) Example: PAR% (Case-Control Studies) In this study population, 42% of bladder cancer cases can be attributed to smoking. In this study population, 42% of bladder cancer cases could be prevented if people would not take up smoking. (Assuming there is a causal association between smoking and the development of bladder cancer). Summary – Measures of PublicHealth Impact Relative Risk vs. Attributable Risk Relative Risk vs. Attributable Risk Issues in Prevention Policy Issues in Prevention Policy 200 90 No 120 160 Yes No Yes Smoke Case-control study to evaluate the impact of smoking as related to bladder cance