Digital to Analogue Conversion.ppt

Digital to Analogue Conversion Analogue ? Digital Conversion Analog and digital data were briefly mentioned at the start A digital signal is an approximation of an analog one Levels of signal are sampled and converted to a discrete bit pattern. Digital signal processing is used, for example, to enhance and compress images, to process sounds to generate speech, etc, etc. Step (discrete) Approximation Objectives To understand how a digital value can be converted to an analogue value To draw circuits and explain the operation of two digital to analogue converters: the binary weighted resistor network and the R-2R ladder network To draw the block diagram and explain the operation of three analogue to digital converters: flash, counter ramp and successive approximation To be able to calculate the conversion time for an analogue to digital converter To be able to explain the sampling rule To be able to describe the basic design of a sample and hold circuit and explain how it works The binary weighted resistor network Comprises of a register and resistor network Output of each bit of the register will depend on whether a 1 or a 0 is stored in that position e.g. for a 0 then 0V output for a 1 then 5V output Resistance R is inversely proportional to binary weight of each digit Buffering the resistor network Best solution is to follow the resistor network with a buffer amplifier Has high impedance, practically no current flows All input currents sum at S and go through Rf Vo = -IfRf Digital-to-Analogue Example Calculate the output voltage for an input code word 0110 if a logic 1 is 10V and a logic 0 is 0V, and R = RF=1k I1 = I4 = 0 I2 = 10v / 2R = 10 / 2k = 5 mA I3 = 10v / 4R = 10 / 4k = 0.25 mA Vo = -If x Rf = -(0.0075) x 1000 = -7.5 volts The binary weighted resistor network Seldom used when more than 6 bits in the code word to illustrate the problem consider the design of an 8-bit DAC if the smallest resistor has resistance R what would be the value of the largest re