Diabetes.ppt

Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Disease in which the body doesn’t produce or properly use insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. Carbohydrate Digestion Insulin Secretion What goes wrong in diabetes? Multitude of mechanisms Insulin Regulation Secretion Uptake or breakdown Beta cells damage Action of Insulin on the CellMetabolism Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat Metabolism Carbohydrate Facilitates the transport of glucose into muscle and adipose cells Facilitates the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle. Decreases the breakdown and release of glucose from glycogen by the liver Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat Metabolism Protein Stimulates protein synthesis Inhibits protein breakdown; diminishes gluconeogenesis Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat Metabolism Fat Stimulates lipogenesis- the transport of triglycerides to adipose tissue Inhibits lipolysis – prevents excessive production of ketones or ketoacidosis Type I Diabetes Low or absent endogenous insulin Dependent on exogenous insulin for life Onset generally 30 years 5-10% of cases of diabetes Onset sudden Symptoms: 3 P’s: polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia Type I Diabetes Cell Type I Diabetes Genetic component to disease Type II Diabetes Insulin levels may be normal, elevated or depressed Characterized by insulin resistance, diminished tissue sensitivity to insulin, and impaired beta cell function (delayed or inadequate insulin release) Often occurs 40 years Type II Diabetes Type II Diabetes Risk factors: family history, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and aging Controlled by weight loss, oral hypoglycemic agents and or insulin Screening for Diabetes Management of Diabetes Mellitus Nutrition Blood glucose Medications Physical activity/exercise Behavior modification Medical Nutrition Therapy Primary Goal – improve metabolic control Blood glucose Lipid (cholesterol) levels Medical Nutrition Therapy Maintain short and long term body weight